低效(闲置)铁路存量用地综合开发利用策略分析:方法与实证

铁路是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础设施。伴随中国经济发展和城市化进程,铁路运营里程快速增加,用地规模不断扩大。但受行业特点、线路规划、功能设计、土地管理等因素的影响,既有铁路用地中存在一定数量的低效利用或废弃闲置土地。由于铁路用地具有公益性、无偿划拨性、使用无期限性等特点,在当前支持盘活现有铁路用地、鼓励实施土地综合开发的背景下,根据既有铁路用地的利用性质及设计功能的发挥情况,在对土地利用效率进行综合分析的基础上,针对低效(闲置)铁路存量用地的资源条件和利用态势提出优化开发途径,结合潜在利用方向进行综合潜力评价,进而提出综合开发利用策略是促进土地节约集约利用的有效途径。研究以建设用地改造方向为重点,选取南京市区范围内4宗低效(闲置)铁路存量用地进行案例分析,以期为开展低效(闲置)铁路存量用地的综合开发利用提供分析思路,对推进铁路存量用地的合理开发、有效利用提供策略参考。

Comprehensive Development and Utilization Strategy of Inefficient and Idle Railway Land: Methods and Cases Study

Railway is one of the important infrastructures for national economic and social development. With the rapid development of railway construction, the railway land is constantly expanding. There exist a certain number of inefficient/idle railway lands, which are induced by the industrial characteristics, railway route planning & functional design, land resource management and other factors. There are certain characteristics of railway lands including public welfare, free transfer, and unlimited duration of usage. Under the circumstances of increasingly prominent bottleneck of land resources, the comprehensive development and utilization of inefficient and idle railway land resource is of great significance, which will enhance the efficiency of resource utilization, improve the value of land resource, promote the regional development and improve the quality of environment. In order to promote the healthy development of railway industry and speed up the reform of railway enterprises, currently, several policies were proposed to revitalize the existing railway land and raise the efficiency of land use. It is of great significance to fully exploit the inefficient /idle railway land resources on the basis of ensuring the safety of railway transportation. The efficient use of the stock of railway land not only performs in the utilization benefit, but also reflects in the dynamic temporal changes. According to current situation of railway land use and the utilization efficiency, the stock of railway land can be divided into three categories, including normal use, inefficient use and idle state. There is a certain number of reserved land for development in practice because of the particularity of railway planning. In order to bring the inefficient and idle railway land resources into full play, a reasonable approach of comprehensive development and utilization should be adopted. Combining with the type of land use, land-use efficiency, city planning and other factors, this paper proposed a utilization strategy based on the potential evaluation of inefficient/idle railway lands. Meanwhile, the reform of inefficient/idle railway land into construction land can be divided into several categories, such as commercial service industry, urban landscape transformation, urban rail transportation, industrial warehousing services, etc. The selections of the corresponding comprehensive utilization types are based on the location, the traffic convenience, the completeness of service facilities, and other aspects of site conditions. Four cases of inefficient and idle railway land in Nanjing city were selected as study cases. By using the comprehensive evaluation framework and multi-source data, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.