会同森林生态实验站磨哨林场森林碳密度及分配特征

我国具有全世界最大面积的人工林,在全球气候变暖的大背景下,人工林的固碳能力越来越引起关注。研究选择具有长期观测数据的会同森林生态实验站磨哨林场作为研究区,对比分析了9种不同森林类型生态系统各组分（乔木层、林下植被层、凋落物层、土壤层）碳密度及分配特征（人工林8种,林龄范围为25~32 a：杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、杉木+樟树林、杉木+火力楠林、马尾松+木荷林、木荷林、火力楠林;天然林1种,平均林龄为63 a：红栲+青冈+刨花润楠林）。结果表明：1）磨哨林场生态系统碳密度平均为261.61 t/hm²,固碳能力较高,其中,马尾松+木荷林以及杉木+火力楠林两种人工混交林的生态系统碳密度最高,天然林位于第5位;2）乔木层和土壤层是磨哨林场森林生态系统碳密度的主体,占98.23%,林下植被层和凋落物层对整个生态系统碳密度贡献较小;3）乔木层中树干部分的碳密度占绝对优势,其次为根和枝,皮最小;土壤层碳密度及分配比例随深度增加而降低,0~20 cm碳密度占整个土壤层比例最高。

Carbon Density and Allocation of Forest Ecosystems of Moshao Forest Farm at Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem

China has the largest plantation area in the world. Under the background of global warming, there are more and more concerns on carbon storage ability of plantations. In this paper, Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem with long-term observational data was chosen as the study area. The carbon density and allocation of each composition (tree, understory vegetation, litter, soil) of nine forest ecosystems including eight plantations with age ranging from 25 to 32 years (Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Pinus elliottii, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Cinnamomum camphora, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei, Pinus massoniana and Schima superba, Schima superba, Michelia macclurei) and one natural forest with average age of 63 years (Castanopsis fargesii, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Machilus pauhoi) were analyzed and compared. The results showed that: 1) the average density of ecosystem carbon at Moshao forest farm was 261.61 t/hm², which indicated that forest ecosystem of Moshao forest farm had a relative high ability of carbon storage. The Pinus massoniana and Schima superba mixed forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei mixed forest had the highest ecosystem carbon density, and the natural forest ranked the fifth. 2) The majority of carbon density of Moshao forest farm was stored in the tree layer and soil layer, accounting for 98.23% of the total carbon density of the forest ecosystems. The understory vegetation and litter had little contribution to ecosystem carbon density. 3) Carbon storage of trunk in the tree layer was the highest, followed by root and brank, and then bark. The proportion of carbon density and allocation declined as the soil depth increases, and carbon was mainly stored in the layer of 0-20 cm.