中国水资源绿色效率测度及空间格局研究

绿色发展是当今时代的主题,在对传统水资源效率研究的基础上,论文界定了水资源绿色效率的概念与内涵。基于数据包络技术,进行水资源绿色效率测度,将其与传统的水资源经济效率、环境效率测度结果进行比较分析,并运用ESDA方法进行空间格局研究。研究结果发现：社会维度效应对水资源整体利用效率改进有积极作用;3种水资源利用效率均呈现出下降的趋势,并且存在不同程度的波动,水资源环境效率波动最大,水资源绿色效率次之,水资源经济效率稳定性最好;水资源绿色效率与经济发展水平没有密切的关系,经济发达地区的水资源绿色效率高,但是经济欠发达地区的水资源绿色效率也高,水资源经济效率和水资源环境效率高值地区多数分布在东部沿海地区;水资源绿色效率的空间相关性不明显,并且集聚程度逐渐减弱;2000—2014年水资源绿色效率在研究区内部存在着明显的地区差异,并且这种差异逐渐扩大;不考虑社会维度效应的水资源利用效率对水资源真实利用情况产生偏差估计,误导政策制定。

Measurement of Green Efficiency of Water Utilization and Its Spatial Pattern in China

China is a country with serious water shortage problem. Water pollution is also serious in China, which exacerbates the water shortage situation. Improving water resource utilization efficiency is a key to solve these problems, so the research on it has become the center issue of water sciences. Now the government of China is advocating green development, which has become the theme of the times. The core of green development is the coordinated development of economy, environment and society. The studies of water use efficiency should extend to the social dimension from the traditional water use efficiency. This paper is a trial of this study. The paper scientifically defined the concept and connotations of Green Efficiency of Water Utilization (GEWU) from the perspectives of economy, environment and society. The model of SBM-DEA was applied to measure the GEWU in China from 2000 to 2014. To compare the traditional water use efficiency and GEWU, the Economic Efficiency of Water Utilization (EEWU1) and Environment Efficiency of Water Utilization (EEWU2) were also measured in this paper, and the ESDA method was used to study the spatial pattern. The results show that the social factor has a positive effect on water use efficiency, which means that the value of GEWU is larger than those of EEWU1 and EEWU2. On the whole, the values of the three kinds of efficiency have declining tendency with fluctuations. The fluctuation of EEWU2 is the largest, which means that the water environment regulation is not stable. The fluctuation of GEWU is the second largest one, and the fluctuation of EEWU1 is the least. The GEWU has no direct relation with the economy development level, and some regions with lower economy development level, such as Qinghai, Ningxia, have high GEWU. EEWU1 and EEWU2 have strong spatial autocorrelation, with gradually strengthened degree of agglomeration degree, but GEWU has no obvious spatial autocorrelation and has gradually decreased degree of agglomeration. The green water resources efficiency showed obvious regional difference in the study area during the 15 years, and the regional difference was gradually increasing. In this paper, it is a useful attempt to use the social dimension to provide people with more and better services, and to improve the water resource utilization efficiency. In the measurement of water resource utilization efficiency, the social dimension can reflect the role of social effects, otherwise, it may lead to an error estimation, which will probably mislead policy formulation.