基于生态环境产权界定的流域生态补偿标准研究

论文通过对流域生态环境产权的明确界定,科学厘清生态保护投入补偿和污染补偿,综合考虑流域生态环境服务的水量分摊和水质补偿,并将其统一纳入到流域生态补偿标准测算中,针对性地提出了流域上下游之间的生态补偿标准,然后以皖浙两省新安江流域生态补偿为例进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：1）基于流域生态环境产权界定,可以从理论上厘清流域生态补偿的对象和内容,将水质和水量因素整合纳入到流域生态补偿标准测算中;2）根据生态环境产权的界定,不同利益主体面对的补偿标准和补偿内容不同,但是上下游共享流域生态环境权益的产权安排相对更为公平合理,并且能够兼顾各方权益;3）上下游共享流域生态环境权益情况下,综合水质和水量因素的流域生态补偿标准其生态环境保护目标明确,补偿内容全面完整,易被各方所接受。

Study on Ecological Compensation Standard in River Basin Based on the Property Rights of Eco-environment

The ecological compensation measurement is a key problem in the cross-basin management. Based on the summary of theoretical studies of ecological compensation standards, the paper puts forward a method to measure ecological compensation standard based on the property rights of eco-environment. By comprehensive consideration of water quality and water quantity, the ecological service compensation and the pollution compensation are brought into the measurement for ecological compensation in river basin. In the method, the factors of water quality and quantity are integrated in the measuring model of ecological compensation standard. Then, the paper applies the measurement method on the ecological compensation in Xin’an River Basin which is located in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces to conduct a case analysis. The case study verifies the applicability of the method. This paper presents the following results: 1) By defining eco-environmental property rights, the ecological compensation for river basin can be divided into the compensation for ecological protection investment and the compensation for pollution, and both water quality and water quantity can be integrated into a unified ecological compensation measurement. 2) The eco-environmental property rights being endowed to different benefit body will cause difference contents and standards of compensation. The property right shared by upstream and downstream which balance is fairer since it balances the interests of all parties. 3) In the case of shared eco-environmental property right, the river basin ecological compensation standard considering the wastewater quantity has clear ecological and environmental goals and complete compensation content, and it is easily accepted by all parties.