城镇化背景下海岛资源环境承载力评估

在建设海洋强国的关键时期,海岛的生态保护和开发利用均至关重要。城镇化对海岛生态系统带来了深刻的影响,开展海岛资源环境承载力评估对管控人类开发行为、维护海岛生态平衡具有重要意义。论文以我国北方典型海岛——庙岛群岛为研究区,构建了一套综合开发强度和生态状况的海岛资源环境承载力评估方法并开展评估,结果显示:1)群岛尺度上,海岛资源环境承载力处于临界超载状态;2)单岛尺度上,南长山岛处于轻度超载状态,北长山岛、庙岛和大钦岛处于临界超载状态,小黑山岛、大黑山岛、砣矶岛、小钦岛、南隍城岛和北隍城岛处于可载状态,不同海岛应实施不同的保护与利用模式;3)区块尺度上,海岛资源环境承载力表现出了明显的空间分异性特征,可载区占41.7%,临界超载区占30.0%,轻度、中度和重度超载区分别占15.9%、8.1%和4.3%,超载区主要分布在各岛的城镇建设区域。

Evaluation on Island Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity under the Background of Urbanization

Island ecosystem is vulnerable due to the special position, limited area and isolated space of islands, and the conservation and exploitation of islands are both essential to the construction of strong marine country. Urbanization has profound impact on island ecosystem, which threatened biodiversity and ecosystem productivity, and changed the landscape pattern, thus the evaluation on island resources and environment carrying capacity is of great significance for controlling human activities and maintaining ecological balance. Miaodao Archipelago, typical islands in North China which locate in Changdao County of Shandong Province, was used as the study area. The evaluation model of island resources and environment carrying capacity which integrated the exploitation intensity and ecological status was established. The methods of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and field investigation were adopted, and the resources and environment carrying capacities at archipelago scale, island scale and grid scale were analyzed, respectively. The results indicated: at archipelago scale, the resources and environment carrying capacity was in status of critical overloading; at island scale, Nanchangshan Island was in status of mild overloading, whereas Beichangshan Island, Miao Island and Daqin Island were in status of critical overloading, and the other six islands were in status of no overloading, which suggested that different modes of conservation and exploitation should be implemented in different islands; at grid scale, the island resources and environment carrying capacity had significant spatial heterogeneity with no overloading zones (41.7%), critical overloading zones (30.0%), mild overloading zones (15.9%), moderate overloading zones (8.1%) and severe overloading zones (4.3%) in descending order, where no overloading zones distributed in the non-urban construction areas, critical overloading zones located in suburb areas and parts of non-urban construction areas, and overloading zones concentrated in urban construction areas. Urban construction inevitably decreased the island ecological function. Construction scale control, spatial allocation optimization, environmental impact mitigation, and ecological restoration and construction were important measures to enhance the island resources and environment carrying capacity. The evaluation model comprehensively reflected the features and spatial heterogeneity of island resources and environment carrying capacity, thus provided a basis for allocations of island conservation and exploitation, and it can be widely applied to the evaluation of island resources and environment carrying capacity in different regions and different types of islands.