崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能及价值评估

崇义客家梯田位于赣南,为当地客家人提供了多项生态服务功能。开展崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能价值评估,有助于人们更好地了解梯田区生态系统对客家社会的直接贡献,使政府作经济效益权衡决策时充分考虑保护梯田区生态系统的重要性。论文根据梯田区生态与社会经济系统的特征,构建了崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务功能价值评估指标体系,并以2012年数据为基础,综合运用替代成本、市场价值、影子工程、造林成本、成果参数和旅行费用等定量方法,评估了崇义客家梯田区农田和森林两个主要生态系统的价值。结果表明：1）2012年崇义客家梯田区生态系统服务总价值为102.02×10⁸元,其中,农田生态系统和森林生态系统服务价值分别为42.00×10⁸元和60.03×10⁸元,分别占总价值的41.17%和58.84%。2）在评估的11项服务指标中,生物多样性保护和旅游休闲的价值居前两位,分别为29.73×10⁸元和22.30×10⁸元,各占总价值的29.14%和21.86%。3）11项服务指标按其评估的价值大小排序为：生物多样性保护>旅游休闲>气体调节>土壤保持>产品生产>气候调节>调洪蓄水>病虫草害控制>社会保障>文化传承>净化环境。直观的经济数字反映了客家梯田区生态系统对社会的巨大贡献,不仅有利于提高管理者和公众保护农业文化遗产的意识,也为政府制定客家梯田区生态系统补偿标准提供数据支撑。

Evaluating the Ecosystem Services of Chongyi HakkaTerraces in Gannan,Jiangxi Province

Chongyi Hakka Terraces are located in South of Jiangxi. They provide many ecosystem services for the Hakka people. Economic valuation on the main ecosystem services of Chongyi Hakka Terraces can help us understand the direct contribution of the terrace system to Hakka society, and make the government pay high attention to the protection of the terrace ecosystem when making economic strategies. The paper established the evaluation indexes system of the ecosystem service function in Chongyi Hakka Terraces according to the regional ecological and social economic characteristics. The eco-economic values provided by two major ecosystem (field and forest) in the Chongyi Hakka Terraces in 2012 were evaluated with the quantitative measures of replacement cost, market value, shadow engineering, cost of afforestation, reference results and travel expenses. The results showed that: First, the total economic value of the ecosystem services provided by Chongyi Hakka Terraces was estimated to be 102.02×10⁸ yuan in 2012, among which the values of farmland ecosystem service and forest ecosystem service were 42.00×10⁸ and 60.03×10⁸ yuan, accounting for 41.17% and 58.84% of the total value, respectively. Second, the values of biological diversity protection and tourism leisure were the top two among the 11 ecosystem services evaluated, which were 29.73×10⁸ yuan and 22.30×10⁸ yuan, accounting for 29.14% and 21.86% of the total value, respectively. The economic values of the 11 ecosystem service in order were biological diversity protection, tourism leisure, gas regulation, soil conservation, product production, climate regulation, flood adjustment, pest control, social security, cultural transmission and environment purification. The direct economic figures revealed the great contribution made by Chongyi Hakka Terraces. The results not only help the management and the public improve their consciousness to protect the traditional agricultural culture, but also provide the data support for the government to formulate the compensation standard in the Hakka terrace area.