青海省1998—2012年草地生态系统服务功能价值评估

由于人类活动对草地生态系统的干扰,草地退化加剧,科学评估草地生态系统服务功能的价值对于草地保护与管理决策具有重要意义。论文通过整合青海省多源、多尺度、多过程的生态环境数据,结合大规模的野外调查数据,构建各类专项和综合数据库,以千年生态评估生态系统服务分类系统和Costanza等的分类方法为基础,结合青海省生态系统特征及生态地位,选取了青海省生态系统服务指标评估体系。开发定量核算青海省生态系统服务功能及其价值的数据-模型融合平台,对青海省1998—2012年的草地生态系统固碳释氧、水文调节、土壤保持、生物多样性等16种生态系统服务功能价值进行了全面的评估,成功实现了草地生态系统服务价值评估的动态化、精细化和智能化。结果表明：1998—2012年草地生态系统服务功能总价值在2 349.97~3 374.49亿元之间,均值为2 935.63亿元,是青海省2012年全省GDP的1.55倍,平均每公顷达92.87万元。最后,以此为基础,提出青海省草地生态系统适应性管理策略,为青海省生态立省战略提供决策支持和依据。

Assessment on Grassland Ecosystem Services in Qinghai Province during 1998-2012

Because of the interference of human activities in the grassland ecosystem, grassland degradation intensifies. Scientific valuation of grassland ecosystem services is of great significance for grassland conservation and management. Through the integration of multi-source, multi-scale and multi-process ecological environment data in Qinghai Province, and combined with large-scale field survey data, both specific and comprehensive databases were set up. Based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) classification system and Costanza’s classification methods of ecosystem services, we selected the Qinghai ecosystem services evaluation index system according to the characteristics and ecological status of ecosystem in Qinghai, and developed a data-model fusion platform to quantify the values of Qinghai grassland ecosystem services during 1998-2012. It consists of 16 kinds of services, for example, solid carbon release oxygen, hydrology regulation, soil conservation, and biodiversity etc. With the support of data, the ecosystem services valuation could have higher time resolution, reflect more ecosystem processes, and become more intelligent in the future. The results showed that the total value of grassland ecosystem services in Qinghai was between 234.997-337.449 billion yuan during 1998-2012, with the mean value of 293.563 billion yuan and 928.7 thousand yuan per hectare, which is 1.55 times of Qinghai Province’s GDP in 2012. Finally, based on this data, we proposed Qinghai grassland ecosystem adaptive management strategy to provide the basis and decision support for the ecological province strategy of Qinghai.