旅游乡村聚落“生产-生活-生态”空间重构与优化——河北野三坡旅游区苟各庄村的案例实证

优化乡村聚落"生产、生活、生态"空间格局是新的发展阶段,加快乡村生态文明建设和推进乡村新型城镇化进程的重要途径。论文采取参与性农村评估PRA、GIS空间分析技术和高清遥感影像相结合的方法,以典型旅游村落苟各庄村为案例,研究了28 a来聚落"三生"空间的重构过程。研究发现,因旅游业导入村落正经历着加速的空间重构过程。在此过程中,传统乡村生产生活空间逐步减少,生活-生产和生态-生产复合新型功能空间逐步增加,具体表现为生产空间由村外向村内转型发展,生活空间由分散到集聚的立体扩展,生态空间由斑块分割向整体利用的全面扩展。与传统乡村聚落"空心化"空间重构过程产业发展集聚、农民居住集中、资源利用集约不同,旅游乡村聚落则以乡村聚落空间融合、立体扩张和适度集约为基本特征。这种空间重构过程和演进模式的基本出发点与中国新型城镇化发展导向一致,代表着未来乡村城镇化进程的一种理想模式。当然,作为旅游城镇化空间演化路径,其发展必须遵循旅游城镇"外向型"发展导向,在生活空间中要重视公共空间扩展和重建,生产空间中要关注服务功能模块化提升,生态空间要重视景观生态整治和历史文脉挖掘,并以配套综合制度体系建构作为保障。研究结论将为推进中国新阶段旅游城镇化提供重要理论基础和规划建设佐证。

Restructuring and Optimizing Production-Living-Ecology Space in Rural Settlements--A Case Study of Gougezhuang Village at Yesanpo Tourism Attraction in Hebei Province

Currently, optimization and adjustment of spatial pattern in rural settlements is necessary for promoting the ecological civilization and the new urbanization. Integrating the methods of participatory rural assessment (PRA), GIS spatial analysis and remote sensing images' interpreting, this study analyzes the rural spatial restructuring process of tourism villages through a case study of Gouge Village in Yesanpo tourism area in the past 28 years. The results indicate that Gouge Village had gone through a rapid spatial restructuring process induced by tourism. It is manifested in the reduction of traditional production and living space, and the increase of new production-living and production-ecology space. Rural restructuring is characterized by three aspects: the migration of production space from the periphery to central area of the village, the transformation of living space from scattered distribution to agglomeration, the change of the utilization of ecological space from scattered to integrated mode. The traditional rural spatial restructuring is for assembling industrial development, centralizing farmers' living and intensive resources utilization. Different from the restructuring of traditional rural settlements, the spatial restructuring in tourist settlements are characterized with spatial fusion, tridimensional expansion and moderate intensive. This process of rural restructuring, representing an ideal pattern of urbanization, is precisely anastomosed with the starting point of new urbanization. The spatial evolution path of tourism urbanization should follow the outward direction, putting much emphasis on the construction and reconstruction of public space for living space, the integrated function for production space, and the consolidation and protection of ecological landscape and traditional culture for ecological space, so as to establish a comprehensive institutional system. The research conclusion will provide theoretical basis to promote China's new tourism urbanization and rural planning.