农业灌溉用水经济价值及其影响因素——基于剩余价值法和陕西关中地区农户调研数据

灌溉水经济价值是农业用水定价的重要基础。根据陕西关中地区农户调研数据,采用剩余价值法计算得到小麦、玉米和苹果灌溉水经济价值均值分别为0.66 元/m³、0.84 元/m³、3.17 元/m³。以该结果作为水价调整上限与现状水价比较,小麦和玉米的水价上调空间介于0.24~0.71元/m³,苹果的水价调整空间介于2.72~3.04 元/m³之间。使用分位数模型对影响因素的研究发现：（1）仅在灌溉水经济价值较低时,农户和家庭特征以及土地分散程度有显著影响;（2）在灌溉水经济价值较高时,增强农户节水意识以及加入用水者协会将能有效提升灌溉用水经济价值;（3）粮食转为经济作物、进行农业水价综合改革在所有分位点上均呈显著正向影响。本文可为研究区域农业用水分类定价及改善用水效率提供参考。

Estimating economic value of irrigation water and analysis of influencing factors: A case study based on residual value method and farmers' datain Guanzhong area of Shaanxi

The economic value of irrigation water is an important basis for the pricing of irrigation water. Based on farmers' data in Shaanxi Guanzhong irrigation area, this paper applied Residual Value Method to calculate the economic value of irrigation water for wheat, corn and apple. The results show that the economic values of irrigation water for the three crops are 0.66 yuan/m³, 0.84 yuan/m³ and 3.17 yuan/m³, respectively. Taking the results as the upper limit of irrigation water price and compared with the current irrigation water price, we found that the water price increase range of wheat and corn is between 0.24-0.71 yuan/m³. The apple water price adjustment space is relatively relaxed, ranging from 2.72 to 3.04 yuan/m³. Furthermore, the analysis of factors influencing economic value of water based on quantile regression shows that the main factors are family economic level, type of crops, and whether to carry out comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project. The educational level, family economic level, farmers' subjective cognitive characteristics, and whether to carry out the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price project are positively correlated with the economic value of water, while age, non-agricultural occupations, number of non-farm labor forces in family, land quantity and water economic value are negatively correlated with it. Specifically, (1) when economic value of irrigation water is at low stage, the characteristics of farmers and families as well as the farmland dispersion have significant impact; (2) when the economic value of irrigation water is at high stage, raising farmers' water-saving consciousness and joining water users association will be able to effectively improve the economic value of irrigation water; (3) the conversion from grain into cash crops and the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices have significant positive effects on all quantile points. This paper provides the basis for the agricultural water pricing classification in Guanzhong irrigation area, and also shows a new perspective for calculating the economic value of irrigation water.