基于“三生空间”的土地利用功能转型及生态服务价值研究——以福州新区为例

分析土地利用功能转型及带来的生态服务价值转变,是快速城镇化地区土地资源开发利用和“三生空间”管控的重要依据。论文基于福州新区2000、2009和2015年3期Landsat ETM+/OLI遥感数据和“三生”土地利用主导功能分类体系,应用GIS定量研究了福州新区15 a土地利用功能转型特征及生态系统服务价值时空演变,结果表明： 1）15 a间福州新区的生活生产空间增长迅速,面积增加了11 224.63 hm²,增长率达82.31%;生态生产空间面积出现先下降后增长趋势,总体增长了19.94%;生活生产空间的增长源于对生态空间和生产生态空间的侵占,生态生产空间的增长源于对湿地、海域等生态空间的侵占。2）15 a间福州新区生态系统服务价值下降了21.69%,其中生态空间下降总量最大,减少了6.822 8亿元,生活生产空间下降幅度最大,下降了92.10%。3）区域生态系统服务价值存在提高和下降两种相反趋势,导致研究区生态系统服务价值降低的主要原因是生活生产空间对生态空间和生产生态空间的侵占,贡献率分别达38.60%和18.77%,其次为生态生产空间对生态空间的侵占。4）推进福州新区“三生空间”协同布局,应加强区内生态林地、闽江河口、海岸线等重点生态空间的保护,稳步推进新区核心区域生活空间基础设施优化,集约利用生产空间,增加产出效益。

Study on Transition of Land Use Function and Ecosystem Service Value Based on the Conception of Production,Living and Ecological Space: A Case Study of the Fuzhou New Area

Transition of land use function and transformation of ecosystem services value provide basis for management and layout of production-living-ecological space in rapid urbanization areas. Based on three periods of Landsat ETM+/OLI remote sensing data of the Fuzhou New Area in 2000, 2009 and 2015 and land use classification system based on the leading function of “production-living-ecological space”, the characteristics of land use function transition and the spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem service value in 15 years in the Fuzhou New Area were quantitatively studied. The results showed that: 1) The area of living and production space in the Fuzhou New Area expanded 11 224.63 hm² in 15 years, with a growth rate of 82.31%, while the area of ecological and production space increased firstly and then followed by a decrease, with a total increase of 19.94%. The growth of the living space resulted from the occupation of the ecological space and production space, while the growth of ecological and production space is derived from the wetland and the sea area. 2) The ecosystem service value in Fuzhou New Area decreased by 21.69% in 15 years. The decrease of ecological space was the largest in amount, which was 682.28 million yuan. The decline of living production space was the largest in percentage in the 15 years, which was 92.10%. 3)Regional ecosystem service value reflected two opposite trends at the same time: improvement and deterioration. The main reasons for the decline of the ecosystem service value in the study area stemmed from the encroachments of living-production space in ecological space and production-ecological space from the living space whose contribution rates were 38.60% and 18.77%, respectively. 4) Measures should be taken to promote the coordinated layout scheme of “production-living-ecological space”, strengthen the ecological forest, Minjiang estuary and coastline in the protected areas, and steadily promote the optimization of living space infrastructure in the core areas and townships in the new area, intensively use production space and increase the output benefit. The research results will provide a scientific basis for coordinated land resources development and eco-environmental protection in the coastal rapid urbanization area.