基于网络SBM-DEA模型和GML指数的中国各省工业用水效率研究

近年来,中国工业用水占全部用水的比例在20%~30%左右,提升工业用水效率、节约集约利用水资源已经成为影响中国国民经济可持续发展的重要问题之一。本文基于网络SBMDEA模型和GML指数,研究了2007-2015年中国各省工业用水效率,实证结果发现:(1)从年度平均值来看,与污水治理阶段相比,生产阶段处于前沿面的省份更多,各省份与前沿面的差距相对较小。北京、天津、内蒙古、山东、广东、海南等省份生产阶段工业用水效率较高,但是污水治理阶段的效率值却较低;辽宁、吉林、安徽、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州、云南、青海等省份生产阶段效率值较低,但是污水治理阶段的效率值却较高。(2)从各时间段的几何平均值来看,大部分省份网络和污水治理阶段的GML指数值小于1,但是生产阶段的GML指数值大于1。因此,在提升生产阶段的工业用水效率的同时,需要加大工业污水的治理力度,提升污水治理阶段的效率,并树立工业生产和治污同步进行的意识,特别是北京、天津、内蒙古、山东、广东、海南等污水治理效率较低的省份。

The study on industrial water use efficiency of Chinese provinces: Based on network SBM-DEA model and GML index

In recent years, China's industrial water consumption accounts for about 20% to 30% of all water use. Improving industrial water efficiency and saving use of water resources have become one of the important issues affecting the sustainable development of China's national economy. Based on the network SBM-DEA model and GML index, this paper studies the industrial water use efficiency of each province in China from 2007 to 2015. The results show that: (1) From the annual average, the production stage is at the forefront compared with the sewage treatment stage. There are more provinces at the forefront, and the gap between provinces and frontiers is relatively small. Industrial water use efficiency is high in the production stages of Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan, but the efficiency of sewage treatment is low; For Liaoning, Jilin, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Qinghai, the efficiency value is lower in the production stage, but the efficiency value in the sewage treatment stage is higher. This is because there are differences in the requirements for sewage treatment in different provinces of China, or even the same requirements, the implementation of different local policies is not the same, and some provinces (such as Beijing) have higher requirements for sewage treatment and policy implementation than other provinces. (2) From the geometric mean of each time period, the GML index value of most provinces in the network and sewage treatment stage is less than 1, but the GML index value in the production stage is greater than 1. It can be seen from the average of 30 provinces that both the EC index and the BPC index in the production stage have improved (greater than 1), but the EC index and BPC index in the network and sewage treatment stages have decreased (less than 1). Therefore, to enhance the industrial water efficiency in the production stage, it is necessary to increase the treatment of industrial wastewater, improve the efficiency of the sewage treatment stage, and raise the awareness of industrial production and pollution control, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hainan with low sewage treatment efficiency.