基于选择实验法的城市生态系统服务价值评估——以四川温江为例

对城市生态系统服务价值的全面认知是实现城市生态系统可持续发展的基础。论文以四川温江为例,首先,基于选择实验法,构建城市生态系统服务功能属性指标和设置属性水平,了解温江居民对不同状态水平的选择偏好;然后,采用Mixed Logit模型对居民城市生态系统服务效用函数进行拟合,探讨生态系统服务各属性隐含价格和居民补偿剩余;最后,对温江城市生态系统服务价值进行评估。结果表明：1）温江居民对于城市生态系统服务功能偏好由高到低分别为城市小气候、水环境、空气质量、城市噪声污染和休闲娱乐文化。2）各生态系统服务功能属性指标隐含价格分别为：为了在5 a内实现温江城市生态系统服务功能各指标预设目标,空气质量达标天数比率每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为399.45元/(人·a);河流综合污染指数每下降1%,当地居民支付意愿为564.03元/(人·a);一类地区环境噪声比每降低1%,当地居民支付意愿为295.25元/(人·a);夏季最高温度比每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为630.81元/(人·a);人均公共绿地面积比重每提高1%,当地居民支付意愿为219.29元/(人·a)。3）为在5 a内实现目标,温江居民的整体人均意愿支付成本为113.59元/(人·a),据此可以计算得出目前温江城市生态系统服务全价值为3 733.08万元/a。

Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Based on Choice Experiments: A Case Study of Wenjiang in Sichuan Province

Comprehensive economic valuation of the urban ecosystem service is important to urban ecosystem sustainable development. Taking Wenjiang in Sichuan Province as an example, this paper studied following aspects: firstly, basing on Choice Experiment method, the valuation indicators and the levels of different valuation indicators were selected and defined. The survey data were collected to show the local residents’ preferences for different indicators. Secondly, Mixed Logit model was used to calculate the total utility function of local residents’ willingness to pay for urban ecosystem service. And the implicit price and compen-sating surplus were calculated. Finally, the total economic valuation of Wenjiang’s urban eco-system service is figured. The empirical results show that: 1) The urban climate is the most concerned factor of Wenjiang’s local residents, then followed by water pollution, air quality, noise pollution and recreation. 2) The implicit prices of different ecosystem services are as follows: to achieve the 5-year goals, the marginal WTP of improving air quality, water quality, reducing noise polluting, improving local climate and increasing recreation are 399.45, 564.03, 295.25, 630.81 and 219.29 yuan per capita each year, respectively. 3) To achieve the 5-year goals, local residents’ compensating surplus is 113.59 yuan per capita each year. And the total economic valuation of Wenjing’s urban ecosystem service is 37.33 million yuan each year.