基于生态足迹的中国可持续食物消费模式

随着人们饮食需求的不断多样化,可持续食物消费已成为一个全球关注的重要议题。为了探寻可持续的食物消费模式,重点分析了中国食物消费结构演变趋势及特征,运用生态足迹模型量化中国食物消费结构的环境压力动态变化;基于可持续食物消费的内涵,结合中国均衡膳食和环境的可持续性指标,构建食物生态承载级别衡量标准,并据此建立了符合中国食物消费习惯、满足营养摄入需求、环境压力小的可持续食物消费模式。结果显示：中国食物消费生态环境压力不断增大,1978-2013年中国食物消费人均生态足迹增长了154.49%,2008年出现生态赤字,2013年赤字值为0.0705 ghm²;食物生态承载级别持续恶化,2008年生态承载级别由“较高”下降到“中等”;可持续食物消费模式的构建使得人均生态足迹下降了12.92%,表明转变食物消费模式是解决食物消费生态环境压力这一矛盾问题的最有效途径。

Chinese sustainable food consumption pattern based on ecological footprint model

With the continuous diversification of people's dietary demand, sustainable food consumption has become a global concern. In order to explore sustainable food consumption patterns, this study first analyzed the evolutionary trend and characteristics of Chinese food consumption structure. The environmental stress tendency of Chinese food consumption was assessed by using the ecological footprint model. A measurement standard for dietary ecological carrying level was introduced based on the connotation of sustainable food consumption, Chinese balanced diet and environmental sustainability indicators. Then the study established a sustainable food consumption pattern that conforms to Chinese food consumption habits, meets the nutritional intake demand, and reduces sufficiently the environmental stress. The results show that the dietary environmental stress continued to increase in China. Per capita ecological footprint of Chinese food consumption increased by 154.49% from 1978 to 2013. Ecological deficit appeared in 2008 and it was 0.0705 ghm² in 2013. Dietary ecological carrying level continued to deteriorate. Annual ecological carrying level dropped from "higher" to "medium" in 2008. The established sustainable food consumption pattern reduces per capita ecological footprint by 12.92%, which indicates that transforming food consumption pattern is the most effective way to solve the contradictory problem of dietary environmental stress.