甘肃省2003年的水足迹评价

水足迹是指在一定的物质生活水平下,维持一定人群消费所需要的总的水资源数量。由于考虑了社会经济系统中虚拟水的消费量,水足迹真实地反映了一个地区人类消费对水资源的占有情况,为水资源科学管理提供了一个新的方法。论文引入了水足迹的概念和计算方法及其相关评价指标,计算分析了2003年甘肃省的水足迹。结果表明,甘肃省2003年的水足迹总量为226.67×10^{8,/sup>m3,人均水足迹878m3,水足迹占总可更新水资源的26%,水资源消费自给率为99.52%,如此高的水资源消费占用比例和自给率,对甘肃省生态环境造成了巨大的压力。}

A Rough Estimate of Water Footprint of Gansu Province in 2003

The water footprint concept has been developed in order to have an indicator of water use in relation to consumption of people.The water footprint of a country/region is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region.Closely linked to the water footprint concept is the virtual water concept.Virtual water is defined as the volume of water required to produce a commodity or service.There are two ways to calculate the water footprint.Firstly,the water footprint of a country/region can be assessed by taking the use of domestic water resources,subtract the virtual water flow that leaves the country/region and add the virtual water flow that enters the country/region.Secondly,the water footprint can be calculated by multiplying the amount of production of goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region with the virtual water content of the corresponding products which often expressed in terms of cubic meters of water per ton of the product(=litres/kg),add the amount of domestic living water use.In this paper,we put forward the concept of water footprint and the ways to calculation.Then we compute the water footprint of gansu province in 2003.The result-water footprint of Gansu province in 2003 is 226.67×10⁸m³,per capita 878m³ available.Water self-sufficiency is 99.52%,this is not good for Gansu province because in arid region water is very scarce.This paper also analyses the ways to solve the problem of water scarcity and the structure of water footprint in some typical provinces,and bring forward some ways to reduce the water footprint in order to alleviate water scarcity.