北方城市干涸河流区域资源管理与环境整治模式——以滹沱河石家庄市区段生态恢复与重建模式为例

针对城市化进程中所导致的河流干涸、景观与生物多样性丧失、生态环境恶化等问题,研究了我国北方典型城干涸河流生态恢复与环境整治模式。借助遥感、GIS技术、环境监测等手段,对研究区域--滹沱河石家庄市区段的生态环境现状进行了调查与分析,提出了“以绿代水”的生态-恢复与重建模式。在对河流进行生态输水、水资源合理管理与调度的同时,选择适宜的研究尺度,提出了恢复流域内自然植被的“绿色滹沱”模式,即:河道中心区--乡土草本滞洪补潜;缓冲区----灌木束水导流、杨柳护堤造岸;过渡区-林果防风固沙。最后,还提出了滹沱河区域环境与资源管--理的建议。论文为城市干涸河流的生态环境整治与区域资源管理提出了新的理念和途径。

The Model of Resources and Environment Management of Urban Dry-up River in Northern China-A Case Study of Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction of Hutuo River

With the development of economy and urbanization,urban rivers have been changed at different levels,such as channelisation,pollution and natural and cultural resource disappea-rance.The studies and practices concerning the alleviation and prevention of the degradated fresh-water ecosystems,and the restoration of the damaged ecosystems have drawn world-wide attention since the 1960s.Many studies have been carried out in recent years,but most of them were focused on monomial studies such as the treatment of lake and river eutrophication, protection and restoration of wetlands,etc,and the studies on urban river damaged most intensely by human were not enough.In light of the problems caused by the urbanization,such as river drying-up,the loss of landscape and biodiversity,deterioration of eco-environment,etc,this paper studied the model of ecological restoration and environment management of urban dry-up rivers based on the theories of restoration ecology,landscape ecology,and watershed ecology,and the measures of remote sensing,GIS,and environmental monitoring were used as the technique sup-port systems. The study took Hutuo river in Shijiazhuang as a case.Hutuo river is 61.335km long with an area of 199.51km2,consisting of such topographical units as riverbed,floodplain,etc.The average width of the river is 1.1km and the area of riverbed is about 66.69km2.Hutuo river belongs to Ziyahe drainage system which is the tributary of Haihe river,and it has become a typical urbandry-up river in northern China because of perennial flow breaking and deterioration of eco-envi-ronment year by year. Following the investigation and analysis of actual status of the eco-environment of Hutuo river,the paper raised the"green for water model".While meeting the ecological water require-ment,managing and modulating water resource rationally,the paper proposed the"Green Hutuo"model for restoring natural vegetation in the drainage area on the basis of suitable research criteria,that is:the river central district-indigenous herbage of flood retardance and water comp-lementarity;buffering area-bushes of water control and diversion,willow and poplar of bank prote-ction and construction;transition region-forests and fruit trees for controlling wind and fixing shifting sand.Finally,suggestions on resources and environment management were put forward. The paper provided a new notion and approach for resources and environment management of urban dry-up rivers in northern China.