“湖泊-流域”土地生态管理的理念与方法探讨

在对湖泊-流域基本概念及其管理问题综合阐述、对土地生态管理及其理念应用分析的基础上,探讨土地生态管理对"湖泊-流域"管理的启示。从协调人与自然、不同利益者之间的冲突出发,结合"人-地-水"协调关系问题的处理、"点-线-面"生态网络体系的建设、"生态-经济-社会"可持续发展等,对湖泊-流域土地生态管理的理念进行了具体分析。并提出了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的4个基本目标:①生态系统可持续;②土地利用可持续;③生态经济可持续;④流域管理可持续。在上述分析的基础上,探讨了湖泊-流域土地生态管理基本要素、主要内容、系统框架、管理模型和机制等,分析土地利用/覆盖变化、生态环境变化的直接驱动力和间接驱动力,在生态环境、资源利用、社会经济等评价的基础上,以生态文明建设、直接和间接优化调控机制为核心,提出了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的主要步骤和基本方法,并讨论了湖泊-流域土地生态管理的特点和发展趋势。

The Theories and Methods of Lake-watershed Land Ecological Management

Based on surveys about lake-watershed basic idea and management, as well as the idea of land ecological management and its application, this paper discusses the enlightenment of land ecological management to lake-watershed management. Further, the idea of land ecosystem management of lake-watershed are analyzed, combining with the harmonous "human-land-water"relationship, ecological conservation of "point-line-face"network system, sustainable development of "ecosystem-economy-society" and so on, for harmonizing the conflict between human and nature and among different benefit colonies. Four basic goals of land ecological management of lake-watershed were put forward: the land use is sustainable; the ecosystem is sustainable; the ecological economy is sustainable; and the lake-watershed administration is sustainable. In light of previous studies on ecosystem management, it discusses the basic element, main content, system frame, management model and mechanism of ecological management of lake-watershed and analyzes the direct drivers and indirect drivers of LUCC and ecological environment change. Based on the evaluation of the ecosystem, land resource, socio-economy, taking ecosystem developments, the direct and indirect regulation mechanism as core, the major steps and basic approach of the land ecological management of lake-watershed are given in this paper. And the characteristic and development trend of the management approach are discussed.