旅游目的地网络空间结构及其复杂性研究——野三坡旅游地案例实证

复杂性是旅游目的地网络化发展的必然趋势,是认识旅游地网络空间结构与组织特征的重要研究手段。论文以河北省野三坡旅游地为例,通过构建旅游联系强度模型,建立旅游地空间网络,并运用TOP网络空间分析以及复杂网络理论,揭示旅游地网络空间结构与组织的复杂性特征。研究发现：1）旅游地网络具有空间集聚性,形成了以核心景区为中心,由中心城镇、乡村社区和特色园区共同构成的空间集聚单元,并体现出“邻近连接”与“择优连接”的双重特性;2）旅游地网络服从幂律分布,具有无标度网络特性;3）每个节点的前三名和前五名旅游联系强度网络（Top3和Top5网络）具有较小的平均路径长度、较大的集聚系数,呈现出典型的“小世界网络”特征;4）旅游地网络是典型的异配型网络,度-度呈负相关,而网络节点的集聚系数与其度值之间存在近似的倒数关系,因此具有层次性。

Research on the Spatial Structure and Complex Characteristics of Tourism Destination Network -A Case Study of Yesanpo Tourism Destination

Tourism destination is a complex adaptive system including many spatial elements which connect with each other composing tourism destination network. Complexity is the inevitable trend of the development of tourism destination network. Taking the Yesanpo tourism destination in Hebei Province as a case, this paper selects four types of tourism elements as the tourism nodes, which are core scenic spots, central towns, rural communities and characteristic gardens, to build the tourism destination network whose edges are the tourism connection strength. Based on the spatial analysis of TOP network, the paper analyzes the spatial structure of tourism destination network and its complexity characteristics. The results show that: 1) There is a hierarchical agglomeration phenomenon in the tourism destination network, which forms the spatial agglomeration units composed of core scenic spots, central towns, rural communities and characteristic gardens and has the dual characteristics of “adjacent connection” and “preferential connection”. 2) Yesanpo tourism destination network obeys power-law distribution, which shows the scale-free characteristic. 3) Compared with the random network, the Top3 and Top5 networks have smaller average path length and larger agglomeration coefficient, showing typical characteristics of “small world network”. 4) The tourist network is a typical heterogeneous network whose degree has a negative correlation, and it shows hierarchical properties since there is an approximate reciprocal relation between the agglomeration coefficient and the degree of nodes. The study also finds that the development model integrating scenic spots, towns, communities and gardens as basic structural unit is of great significance to guide spatial reconstruction of tourism destinations.