基于GRACE数据的中国水储量变化特征分析

论文以中国2003—2015年GRACE水储量数据、GLDAS-Noah地表蒸散发数据、地面实测降水数据为数据源,基于Theil-Sen Median 趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验法,分析了中国水储量、降水量以及蒸散发量的变化趋势及相关关系,并利用经验正交函数（EOF）分析了中国水储量变化时空分布特征,结果表明：1） 2006年以后中国整体水储量年际变化剧烈,且降水和蒸散发可以识别水储量异常时段内的特征信息;2） 2003—2015年全国各地水储量、降雨量和蒸散发量变化空间分布差异明显;3） 全国共有18.6%的地区气候因素对水储量变化的方差解释量超过50%,主要位于中国东北、东南沿海、四川盆地、青海高原以及新疆西北部地区;4） EOF分解的GRACE水储量各主成分信息可以表征研究时段内中国地区整体和局部的水储量时空变化特征。

Tempoal and Spatial Variations of Water Storage Changes in China with GRACE Data

In this paper, we collected Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Tellus products data, GLDAS-Noah surface evapotranspiration data and ground observation rainfall data from 2003 to 2015 in China. The trends of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration and the correlations between them were analyzed with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total water storage in China. The results show that: 1) The annual variation of water reserves in China became more severe after 2006, and the characteristics of abnormal water storage periods can be characterized by precipitation and evapotranspiration. 2) From 2003 to 2015, the changes of water storage, rainfall and evapotranspiration had significant spatial variations. 3) In the past 13 years, climatic factors could explain more than 50% variation of water storage change in almost 18.6% of total area of China, mainly distributing in the Northeast China, the southeast coast area, the Sichuan Basin, the Qinghai Plateau and the northwest of Xinjiang. 4) The principal component information of GRACE water storage decomposed by EOF can characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of the global and local water storage in China in the study period.