大清河阜平流域生态系统结构变化的服务价值响应研究

生态系统通过物质循环、能量流动和信息传递为人类提供必要的生态服务功能,其结构变化可引起生态系统过程和服务功能的改变。研究区域的生态服务功能对生态系统结构变化的响应规律对高效配置环境资源和合理制定环境政策具有重要意义。论文以大清河阜平流域为研究对象,利用1985—2015年每隔5 a的遥感影像,采用监督分类法及价值量法,研究了该区域生态系统结构、服务功能近30 a的变化规律趋势,分析了研究区服务功能对生态系统结构变化的响应规律。结果表明：1）1985—2015年研究区生态系统结构发生明显变化,建设用地、林地、耕地、水域生态系统呈正变化,变化幅度分别为139.57%、90.66%、68.79%、6.55%;未利用地、草地生态系统呈负变化,变化幅度分别为-83.48%、-54.92%;其中林地面积的增加主要是由草地和未利用地转变而来,耕地面积增加主要由未利用地构成,建设用地的扩张主要占用耕地和未利用地。2）研究区服务价值变化趋势以2000年为界,前15 a呈增加趋势,后15 a呈减少趋势。2000年总服务价值最高,为58.08亿元;不同时期林地服务价值对研究区总服务价值贡献率最大,其次是耕地和草地;单项服务价值中,保持土壤服务价值贡献率最大,其次是维持生物多样性、气体调节和气候调节服务价值。3）研究区服务价值的增加得益于草地→林地的服务价值流向和未利用地→林地的价值流向,服务价值的损失来自于耕地转变为建设用地的服务价值损失和林地转变为耕地的服务价值损失。

Response of Ecosystem Service Value to Ecosystem Structure Change in Fuping Basin of the Daqinghe River

Ecosystem provides necessary ecological service function through material cycle, energy flow and information transmission, and the change of the ecosystem structure can change the ecosystem process and service function. It is of great significance to study the response process of ecosystem service function to the change of ecosystem structure for the efficient allocation of environmental resources and the rational formulation of environmental policy. In this paper, the change of ecosystem structure and service function in Fuping Basin of the Daqinghe River in recent 30 years was studied by using remote sensing images. The results showed that: 1) The ecosystem structure in the study area changed obviously during 1985-2015. Construction land, forest land, cultivated land and water area increased 139.57%, 90.66%, 68.79% and 6.55% respectively. Unused land and grassland decreased -83.48% and -54.92%, respectively. The increase in forest land was mainly at the cost of grassland and unused land that 622.67 km² of grassland and 431.45 km² of unused land were turned into forest land, the transfer rates being 28.8% and 18.22%, respectively. The expansion of cultivated land was mainly at the cost of unused land and grassland that 1 063.50 km² of unused land and 831.41 km² of grassland were turned into cultivated land. Construction land was mostly transferred from cultivated land and unused land that 441.91 km² of cultivated land and 259.51 km² of unused land were turned into construction land. Over the 30 years, unused land mainly turned into cultivated land and forest land. 2) The value of ecosystem services in the study area in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 was 44.29×10⁸, 44.62×10⁸, 44.65×10⁸, 58.08×10⁸, 51.71×10⁸, 53.22×10⁸, 52.72×10⁸ yuan respectively. The highest value was in 2000. Forest land contributed the largest amount of the ecosystem value in the study area, followed by cultivated land and grassland. As for the value of single ecosystem service, soil formation and protection had the largest contribution rate, followed by biodiversity maintenance, gas regulation and climate regulation. 3) The increase of service value in the study area was due to the conversion of the grassland to woodland and the unused land to woodland. The loss of the service value was due to the conversion of the cultivated land to the construction land and the loss of forest land into cultivated land.