海河流域水量平衡与水资源安全问题研究

海河流域的水资源问题十分严重,但是水量平衡问题尚未很好地解决。水量平衡有三层含义,第一是降雨径流平衡;第二是水资源的供用耗排平衡;第三是水资源的供需平衡。目前海河流域水资源供用耗排平衡不明确的主要原因是非用水消耗量的定量不明确,论文对海河流域的现状水量平衡问题进行了分析和计算,得出了一般平水偏枯年份下的各平衡要素是定量值,其中海河流域年用水量为410×10⁸m³,入海水量为50×10⁸～100×10⁸m³,非用水消耗量为59×10⁸～71×10⁸m³,并对缺水量进行估算。论文还分析了近年来海河流域的用水特点,对水资源供需平衡进行研究和探讨,按照有关方法对过去几年中海河水安全状况进行评价,得出了1994～1996年海河流域供水安全而1997～2001年不安全的结论,并提出了今后要达到水资源供需平衡需要的条件以及应采取的对策和建议。

Water balance and water security study in the Haihe basin

The water resource problem in the Haihe basin is very serious.But the water balance issue has not been adequately studied.This paper points out that there are three kinds of water balance issues.The first kind is the precipitation-runoff balance to the total water amount;the second is water supply,water consumption and water discharge balance to the water resource amount;and the third one is the water supply and water demand balance.In the Haihe basin,the reason for unbalanced water supply with water consumption and water discharge is that the water consumption amount caused by non-use factors,such as water evaporation of the rivers,lakes and wetlands as well as other phreatic evaporation has not been quantitatively clarified.Quantitive calculation on status quo of water balance problems is done in this paper.The major factors related to balance are identified as water supply being41billion m 3 ,the amount of water discharged into sea,5-10billion m 3 ,non use water consumption,5.9-7.1billion m 3 ,and water shortage amount is also evaluated.This paper has studied the water use properties in the Haihe basin.The water demand/supply balance is dealt with,especially the water security status of recent years is probed.It is found out that in light of water balance,water supply and water demand was safe in the years of1994-1996,but water supply was not safe in the period of1997-2001.This paper has also proposed the measures to meet water security in the basin and related suggestion has been raised to guarantee this balance.