重金属污染土壤修复中杂草资源的利用

对重金属污染土壤植物修复基本原理、作用方式及亟待解决的问题进行了论述,认为现有修复植物均不同程度存在一些弱点,还难以大规模应用于修复实践。杂草具有抗逆境能力强、生长迅速、繁殖能力强以及在环境条件适宜情况下生物量能够急剧提高等特点,可以弥补现有修复植物的缺点和不足,是较理想的植物修复资源。结合笔者的研究情况,对杂草资源在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的利用方式、修复植物筛选方法进行了论述,而且在植物修复生物量处理方面也进行了讨论,试图为重金属污染土壤植物修复进一步发展提供科学依据。

Utilization of Weed Resource in the Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals

Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals refers to the u tilization of some special plants to clean polluted environment through extracti on,volatilization,translocation and stabilization.The two main methods are phyto extraction and phytostabilization,i.e.,to remove heavy metals using hyperaccumul ators from contaminated soils or stabilize them by excluder plants in situ.At pr esent,phytoremdiation technologies are not successfully used in large,scale reme diative practice.The results partly lie in many disadvantages of the documented hyperaccumulators, such as small aboveground biomass,slow growth and long maturi ty phase.As for excluder plants, there are few materials published.With the prop erties of strong endurance to adverse environment,fast growing and high reproduc tion,especially the characteristics of the fast increase in biomass under feasib le environmental factors,weed can make good the defect or cover the shortage of the available remediation plants,so it is a kind of ideal remediative resource.B ased on our researches into phytoremediation,applications and screening methods of remediative weed plants were introduced,moreover,the dispose of remediative p lant biomass was also discussed.It was suggested that the comprehensive utilizat ion of weed plant resource would make a great progress in the remediation of soi ls contaminated by heavy metals.