碳中和目标下的国土空间格局优化：理论框架与实践策略

国土空间规划是在基础层面引导土地利用、生态保护、产业布局、城乡建设和区域开发的国家基础性、约束性规划。在当前“双碳”战略背景下,将碳中和目标纳入国土空间规划和治理体系,对于从基础层面推动经济社会系统全面低碳转型具有重要意义。本文构建了碳中和目标下国土空间格局优化的理论框架,分析了国土空间格局、人地关系与碳收支的内在关系。从“经济—社会—生态”复合系统的视角探讨了碳中和目标下国土空间格局优化和调控机理;从国土空间碳收支核算体系、面向碳平衡的“双评价”方法、国土空间碳风险监测与评价、碳排放空间约束下的三线划定、碳达峰与产业空间结构调控等方面提出了面向碳中和的国土空间格局优化路径;从差别化的生态碳汇提升方案、符合中国国情的国土空间碳收支核算体系、面向碳中和目标的国土空间规划管控方案、基于生命周期的建设用地碳排放评估、低碳高效的国土空间治理体系、多层次国土空间碳补偿体系构建等方面,提出了碳中和目标下国土空间格局优化的关键领域。

Optimization of territorial space pattern under the goal of carbon neutrality: Theoretical framework and practical strategy

Territorial space planning is a national basic and binding planning for guiding land use, ecological protection, industrial layout, urban and rural construction and regional development. In the context of the current strategy of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, bringing the carbon neutrality goal into the territorial space planning and governance system is of great significance in promoting the comprehensive low-carbon transformation of the economic and social system. In this paper, we constructed a theoretical framework for the optimization of territorial space pattern, analyzed the internal relationship between territorial space pattern, human-land relationship and carbon revenue and expenditure, and further discussed the optimization and regulation mechanism of territorial space pattern under the goal of carbon neutrality from the perspective of economy-society-ecology complex system. This study put forward the optimization path of territorial space pattern for carbon neutrality including accounting system of carbon revenue and expenditure for territorial space, "double evaluation" method for carbon balance, carbon risk monitoring and evaluation for territorial space, three-line delimitation under space constraints of carbon emissions, carbon emission peak and industrial spatial structure regulation. Finally, the key areas of territorial space pattern optimization under the goal of carbon neutrality were identified from improvement scheme of differentiated ecological carbon sequestration, accounting system of carbon revenue and expenditure for territorial space in line with China's national conditions, territorial space planning and control scheme for carbon neutrality goal, carbon emission assessment of construction land based on life cycle, low-carbon and efficient territorial space governance system, and carbon compensation system of multi-level territorial space construction.