湘江流域传统村落景观基因变异及其分异规律

传统村落在历史、文化、经济、旅游和科学等多个方面价值颇高,保护传统村落的空间格局和文化内涵极为重要。以中国湘江流域上中下游六个典型传统村落为例,以景观基因理论为基础,运用景观基因分析法识别了湘江流域传统村落景观基因,分析了上中下游传统村落显性物质景观基因与隐性非物质文化基因的变异特征,总结了湘江流域传统村落景观基因变异特征及分异规律,研究结果显示：（1）湘江流域上游传统村落平面基因变异相悖于本土的情况侧重发生在平面结构变异上;立面基因的变异相悖于本土、突变后直接消亡的情况较多;文化基因上受外来冲击的不适感较强,有加剧景观基因变异的风险和趋势。（2）湘江流域中游传统村落对立面基因的改动需求较大,且改动时间较早,造成立面基因变异以及平面基因中街巷格局、平面布局变异较大,变异后相悖于本土的特征显著;而在文化基因中,对文化的变异融合接受能力强,变异相融于本土的情况显著。（3）湘江流域下游传统村落在形态、布局特征明显的平面基因中产生的变异不大显著;在立面基因中遭遇突变后直接消亡的特征明显;在文化基因中,对家风信仰的基因变异以相融于本土为主,习俗礼仪的基因变异呈现分化趋势,单民族聚居式的家族以相悖于本土的特征为主,多民族聚居式的家族以相融于本土的特征为主。

Landscape gene variation and differentiation law of traditional villages in Xiangjiang River Basin

Traditional villages are of high value in many aspects including history, culture, economy, tourism and science. It is extremely important to protect the spatial structure and cultural connotation of traditional villages. In this paper, six typical traditional villages in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River in China are taken as examples. Based on the theory of landscape genes, the landscape genetic analysis method is used to identify the landscape genes of traditional villages in the Xiangjiang River Basin, analyze the dominant material landscape genes and hidden genes of the traditional villages in the upper, middle and lower reaches, examine the variation characteristics of sexual intangible cultural genes, and summarize the genetic variation characteristics and differentiation rules of traditional villages in the Xiangjiang River Basin. The results show that: (1) Different from the local situation, the plane gene variation of traditional villages in the upper Xiangjiang River Basin focuses on the plane structure variation. The mutation of facade genes is different from the local area, and there are many cases of direct extinction after mutation; cultural genes have a strong sense of discomfort from external shocks, and there is a risk and trend of aggravating landscape genetic mutation. (2) The traditional villages in the middle reaches have a greater demand for changes in the facade genes, and the changes take place earlier, resulting in greater changes in the facade genes and the layout of streets and lanes in the plane genes, and the differences in the local characteristics after the mutation are significant. As for cultural genes, the ability to accept cultural variation and integration is strong, and the integration of variation into the local area is remarkable. (3) The traditional villages in the lower reaches have little variation in the plane genes with obvious morphological and layout characteristics; the characteristics of direct extinction after encountering mutations in the facade genes are obvious; in the cultural genes, in terms of the genes for family style beliefs, the variation is mainly in the local integration, and the genetic variation of customs and etiquette shows a trend of differentiation. The single-ethnic settlement family mainly contradicts the local characteristics, and the multi-ethnic settlement family mainly integrates the local characteristics.