西藏森林生态系统服务价值

森林生态系统作为可再生的自然资源,具有公共物品的属性,随着环境污染和资源危机的加剧,具有可持续意义的森林生态服务价值受到人类的重视。论文采用产量-价格法、直接市场法、影子工程法、机会成本法等主要研究方法,核算了西藏森林生态系统价值,结果表明:西藏森林生态系统服务价值中碳库、木材和生物多样性存量价值为44543.5×10⁸元,其中生态价值是直接经济价值的2.24倍;在流量中,年流量价值1738.3×10⁸元,其中年生态价值为1565.9×10⁸元,是直接经济价值172.4×10⁸元的9倍,社会价值只有9.5×10⁸元。论文旨在强调森林的生态功能,为西藏的生态补偿、绿色GDP核算奠定良好的基础。

The Value of Tibet's Forest Ecosystem Services

Forest is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems on the earth.Besides supplying timber and other goods,forest has vital effect on environment and provides significant ecological services for people.Forest ecosystem as renewable resource is a type of public goods,which is non-competitive and non-exclusive.These two characteristics mean that the market is a poor provider of the socially optimal quantity of public goods.This is particularly important in China,which possesses limited forest resources and a large population.With rapid economic development,resources over-exploitation and environmental deterioration have become a bottleneck to the socio-economic development in China,and forest resources loss is believed to be closely associated with ecological and environmental degradations.Therefore,forest conservation has gained increasingly attention and the Chinese government has taken a series of actions to protect forest resources.This paper evaluates Tibet’s forest ecosystem services,and the main evaluation methods include market valuation,opportunity cost,shadow price,replace project,travel- cost and so on.As a result, the storage value of Tibet’s forest ecosystem services is 4454.35 billion yuan RMB,which includes C pool,timber products and biodiversity conservation,and the ecological vale is as 2.24 times as the direct economic value.Additionally,the flow value of Tibet’s forest ecosystem services is 173.83 billion yuan,including annual ecological vale which is 156.59 billion yuan,direct economic value 17.24 billion yuan and social value 0.95 billion yuan,and the ecological vale is as 9 times as the direct economic value.It is proved by the above-mentioned results that forest ecosystem can not only provide direct economic value for society,but also provide ecological function with much higher value,and all of these will provide a solid base for study and practice of eco-compensation and Green-GDP evaluation in Tibet.