东北地区水资源利用与生态和环境问题分析

东北地区是我国著名的老工业基地,50年来,在工农业持续发展的同时,地区水土资源开发利用规模不断扩大,由此引发了一系列与水相关的生态和环境问题,解决该地区水资源利用与生态和环境问题势在必行。文章在分析东北地区水资源利用现状与问题的基础上,具体论述了水污染严重、河道断流、地下水超采、湿地大面积缩小以及西部地区土地荒漠化加剧等与水相关的生态和环境问题,提出了解决问题的具体对策与建议。合理利用地区水资源,量水而行、适水发展,节约与高效并举,建设资源节约、环境友好型社会是实现东北地区可持续发展的必然选择。

The Analysis about Water Resource Utilization, Ecological and Environmental Problems in Northeast China

Some ecological and environmental problems are caused due to water resources extensive utilization,which has affected water resources sustainable utilization and development.Northeast China,which includes three provinces Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang and the east of Inner Mongolia is famous for its old industrial base.it is featured by better growing conditions and rich natural resources feature.The regional development is based on water resources exploitation.In the past 50 years,the exploitation and utilization of water resources have extended to a certain degree with industrial and agricultural development,causing a serious of water-related serious ecological and environmental problems:①Severe water pollution:the length of reaches satisfyingⅠ～Ⅲ water quality criteria was less than 40% of the total qualified reaches to be evaluated and the length of reaches below water quality criteria was over 60% in 2003;②land desertification: Land desertification has been aggravating in the western part of Wortheast China,river cut-off has happened in a number of watercourses;and ③groundwater overdraft and large-scale wetland shrinkage occurred in many places.To solve the above problems,several suggestions and countermeasures are put forward:firstly,ecological restoration and environmental protection must follow the law of nature;secondly,ecological and environmental water requirement should be satisfied;Finally,monitoring system should be strengthened to supply real-time data.Generally,ecological and environmental problems are correlated with water resources utilization of Northeast China.Water resources must be used with in the limit of the available amout and exploited according to the local conditions,and equal stress should be laid on economical and high-effecient utilization so as to realize sustainable development of Northeast China.