巢湖流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究

土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应导致水资源量变化，显著影响流域生态和社会经济发展。利用DEM、土壤数据库、三期土地利用数据及流域周边六个国家基本气象站1964-2000年气象、流域出口断面裕溪闸水文站1964-1989年水文资料，依托德国PIK研究所HBV-D模型建立巢湖流域降水径流关系，分析流域土地覆被变化对径流量影响：①利用HBV-D模型模拟流域降水径流关系，率定后系统相对误差控制在3%左右，纳希效率系数达约83%，适合巢湖流域土地利用/覆被变化水文效应研究；②分析得出单位面积的农业用地、居民用地和水域影响径流深大小分别为-0.134469、0.074908和-0.0015244，即巢湖流域农业用地对径流影响程度要高于居民用地且为负，农业用地减少将增加径流量，居民用地增长利于径流量增加，水域对径流量影响相对较小。

Hydrological Response to Land Use/Land Cover Change in Chaohu Basin

Water resources were affected by hydrological response to land use/land cover, and were important for socio-economic development in basin. Based on digital elevation model (DEM), soil data-base, and land use/land cover data-base (1980s, 1990s and 2000s) , we set a research data-base of Chaohu Basin. In order to research relationship of precipitation and runoff in Chaohu Basin, six national base weather station's data (1964 -2000) and Yuxi hydrological station ( 1964 -2000) were input into hydrological HBV-D model, which is from PIK, Germany. And the results are as follows: 1) HBV-D model can be used to research the relationship of precipitation and runoff in Chaohu Basin, the relativity error can be less than 3% and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient can be about 83% after calibration. 2) Analysis of the hydrological response to different land use/land cover, changes revealed that there were -0. 134469 mm/km~2 in the response of runoff depth under agriculture area, 0. 074908 mm/km~2 in the response of runoff depth under urban area and -0. 0015244 mm/km~2 in the response of runoff depth under water area. Hydrological response to agriculture area would increase runoff as its area reduced, urban area would lead to increase in runoff as its area expanded and hydrological response to water area was not evident. And 3) there were no obvious changes in other land use (such as grassland, rock etc.) in Chaohu Basin and hydrological response to those land use/land cover would be researched in other study area.