中国近20年来耕地面积的变化及其政策启示

利用国家、省、县三级行政单位的统计和普查数据,分析了我国近２０年来耕地面积变化的总体趋势、空间特征和驱动因子。揭示出：①减少的耕地主要是分布在东部地区质量较好的耕地,而增加的耕地主要是质量较差的边际土地；②非农产业占地的多少对固定资产投资的增减仍十分敏感；③城市化和乡镇企业的分散程度对土地的利用效率具有重要的影响。作者建议重新检讨现行的土地管理政策,提出了应尽快从行政区“耕地总量平衡”向“基本农田的有效保护”转移等政策措施

Change of arable land area in China during the past 20 years and its policy implications

Dynamics of arable land and its driving forces in China during the past 20 years are discussed in this paper based on statistical and survey data at national,provincial and county levels.It was found that (a)the general trend of net arable land loss started in the late 1950s which got continued and accelerated in the study period;(b)peaks of arable land loss were usually correspondent to the booming up periods of the economy;(c)the lost arable land was mostly those high quality land in the eastern part while the acclaimed land was mostly marginal land in the western part of the country;(d)area of arable land occupied by non agricultural sectors was sensitive to investment in fixed assets,indicating a low efficiency of land utilization in non agricultural sectors;and (e)urbanization rate had a positive influence on the efficiency of land utilization.The author claims that the following points should be emphasized in land management in order to protect the valuable arable land resources in the country:(a)importance should be placed on both the quantity and quality of arable land.In this connection,the present policy of “keeping quantity balance" within an administration territory is no good to the very land required protection,namely,the high quality arable land;(b)policies on rural urban migration and the development of rural industry should be reviewed,since land utilization of the non agricultural sectors in rural areas is far more inefficient than those in urban areas; and (c)land market construction in both urban and rural areas should be strengthened,since the poor circulation of land resources is a major factor of the low land utilization efficiency in China.