三峡库区(重庆段)涨落带土地资源的开发利用模式初探

三峡水库是我国特大型水利枢纽工程,到2009年水库全部建成运行后将出现一个落差达30m的涨落带。涨落带土地肥沃,出露水面的时间长,光、热、水、土条件匹配好,有较大的开发价值。对涨落带进行保护性的开发利用,将缓解库区的人地矛盾、促进库区小康进程与可持续发展。论文以三峡库区的主体--重庆段为例,论述了三峡重庆库区涨落带土地资源的分布、特征及开发价值;阐明了涨落带土地资源开发利用应注意的5个原则问题;结合库区气候、地貌及水位变动等条件,初步探讨了涨落带土地资源开发利用的6种模式;对开发利用中可能存在的生态与环境问题进行了分析,提出了有针对性的建议;为合理制定涨落带的土地资源利用与保护规划提供科学依据。

A Preliminary Study on Land Exploitation and Utilization Models of Water-Level-Fluctuating Zone (WLFZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing

The Three Gorges reservoir is one of the largest water conservancy and control pro,jects in the world.After the accomplishment of the project,a 30,met er high water,level,fluctuating zone will appear along the both banks,and become a kind of seasonal humid ecosystem where the area covers 291.1km².This paper,ac cording to the program of water storage in the Three Gorges reservoir,explores t he distributed features and useful values;and states the five principles that sh ould be followed in the process of land exploitation and utilization,namely,sust ainable land use,preference of ecosystem safety,exploitation of WLFZ according t o the types and grades,market requirement,and dealing with easy ones first and difficult ones afterwards.Meanwhile according to the types,grades,soil textures ,shapes of landforms and climate conditions in WLFZ,six models for land use were suggested as:(1)agricultural development model in open terraces of WLFZ;(2)farm ing and pasturing model on moderate and gentle sloping(slope<15°)land of WLFZ;( 3)aquatic product breeding model in river bend of WLFZ;(4)tourism development mo del in areas with unique landscapes of WLFZ;(5)closing hillsides to facilitate a fforestation model through natural and artificial ways in gorges or rock expose d regions of WLFZ;and(6)town (city)landscape construction and geologic disaster prevention model of WLFZ.Some eco,environmental and pollution problems maybe app ear in the development of WLFZ were also analyzed,and corresponding proposals we re put forward.This will provide scientific basis for the planning and developme nt of land resources of the Water,Level,Fluctuating Zone.