环境正义研究前沿及其启示

环境正义不仅是重大的现实问题,也是不同学科和领域研究的焦点。通过对国内环境正义研究文献的梳理,比较分析环境正义所涉学科、内容和方法后发现：环境正义研究呈现出多学科视角、多元化主题和学科交叉趋势,但研究体系不够完善,缺乏理论创新;亟待构建中国特色环境正义理论体系和分析框架,总结中国环境正义研究案例和解决模式;环境正义概念多而不统一,混杂而不明确,需进一步厘清和辨明;考虑多维内涵、多重维度和多维原则,建构和完善环境正义概念体系;环境正义问题主要表现在多尺度区域和多类型群体两个层面,环境强势群体（区域）与弱势群体（区域）的环境权责不对等是焦点;城乡环境正义问题广受关注,需加强经济弱势地区和环境弱势地区环境正义研究;解决环境正义问题的政策措施缺乏系统性考量和可操作性,在具体的社会文化和地方情境中探讨环境正义及其解决之道是重点;按照问题的轻重缓急,分区域分群体逐步消除环境不正义;环境正义评价标准欠缺,不同学科数据和方法交叉融合不足。未来环境正义研究的重点和难点在于：建构一个问题导向的、跨学科交叉的环境正义理论框架;精确表征和测度环境（不）正义;模拟多尺度、多主体的环境正义演变过程;基于地方性加强环境正义的典型案例研究。

Frontiers of environmental justice research and its enlightenment

Environmental justice is a major practical issue. Thus, it is the research focus in different disciplines and fields. The paper reviews and comparatively analyzes the disciplines, contents and methods of environmental justice on the basis of combing a large number of important domestic literatures of environmental justice. The findings are as follows: Firstly, although domestic environmental justice research has shown a trend of multi-disciplinary perspectives, diversified themes and interdisciplinary fields, subject participation is still weak and the research system is not perfect due to lack of the theoretical innovation. It is urgent to build a theoretical system and analytical framework for environmental justice with Chinese characteristics and summarize the best practices and solutions in China. Secondly, there are several concepts related environmental justice lacking a unified and clear definition, which need to be further clarified and distinguished. The comprehensive understanding of environmental justice should consider multi-dimensional connotation, multiple dimensions and multi-dimensional principles and construct and improve the conceptual system of environmental justice. Thirdly, environmental injustice is mainly reflected in multi-scale areas and multi-type groups. The unequal environmental rights and responsibilities of various types of environmentally strong groups (regions) and vulnerable groups (regions) are the focus. Environmental injustice of urban-rural areas, especially in areas and groups between city and country and groups within villages, has attracted much attention. It is necessary to combine regional and colonial environmental injustice and strengthen environmental justice research of economic and environmentally disadvantaged areas. Fourthly, the research on policy measures of environmental justice mainly focuses on the theoretical level with a framework, ideas, and perspectives, which lack systematic consideration, operability, pertinence and sufficient connection between theory and practice. The key point is to explore environmental justice and its solutions in specific social, cultural and local contexts. According to the priority of the problem, we should gradually eliminate environmental injustices in different regions and groups. Fifthly, environmental justice evaluation standards are lacking, and data and methods from different disciplines are insufficiently integrated. The focus and difficulty of future environmental justice research is to construct a problem-oriented, interdisciplinary, and intersecting environmental justice theoretical framework, accurately characterize and measure environmental (in)justice, simulate the evolution of multi-scale and multi-subject environmental justice, and strengthen typical case studies of environmental justice based on locality.