多重资本驱动下西安市秦岭北麓S村的空间生产与收缩——基于布尔迪厄理论的管窥

引入布尔迪厄的资本理论,构建多重资本概念模型;以西安市秦岭北麓S村为例,对其在不同类型资本综合影响下的空间生产与收缩过程及机制进行质性研究和可视化分析。结果表明：（1）经济资本的三级循环推动S村物质空间商品化程度不断加深,商户金融资本的差异造成村内经济阶层分化与空间分异,外来经济资本的进入则易诱致社会风险。（2）新生的业缘关系与亲缘、地缘关系交织而成的社会网络等结构性社会资本的变化,引致S村社会空间的混杂和地方认同的分化;社会信任等认知性社会资本的下降造成村民交往空间的内移,并促成新的空间治理秩序。（3）商户个人品味等身体化文化资本创造出多样化的文化空间,政府赋予村庄的集体称号等制度化文化资本推动形成农家乐专业村品牌。（4）元资本主导下,村内三大旅游项目被拆除,S村由空间持续再生产转向空间收缩。（5）自然垄断地租、小规模集体行动优势、元资本的间接调控与直接影响以及双重锁定效应,共同构成S村空间生产与收缩的机制。

Space production and shrinkage of S village at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Xi'an driven by multiple capitals: Based on Bourdieu's theory

This paper introduces Bourdieu's capital theory and constructs a multiple capitals conceptual model. Taking S village at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Xi'an as an example, this paper makes a qualitative research and visual analysis on the process and mechanism of space production and shrinkage under the comprehensive influence of different types of capitals. The results show that: (1) The three circulation of economic capital promotes the commodification of physical space in S village. The difference of financial capital owned by merchants leads to the differentiation of economic class and spatial differentiation in the village, and the entry of foreign economic capital is likely to induce social risk. (2) The change of structural social capital, such as the social network interwoven by the new-born business relationship, kinship and geographical relationship, leads to the hybridity of social space and the differentiation of local identity in S village. The decline of cognitive social capital, such as social trust, leads to the interior movement of villagers' communication space and promotes the formation of a new space governance order. (3) Embodied cultural capital such as merchants' personal taste creates diversified cultural space, and institutionalized cultural capital such as collective titles given by the government promotes the formation of professional village brand of agritainment. (4) Under the guidance of meta capital, three major tourism projects in the village were demolished, and S village changed from continuous space reproduction to space shrinkage. (5) Natural monopoly rent, the advantage of small-scale collective action, indirect control and direct influence of meta capital, and dual locking effect constitute the mechanism of space production and shrinkage in S village.