基于地理探测器的中国国家级开发区时空演化过程及其驱动力研究

各种类型的开发区是我国改革开放的“试验田”和经济快速发展的重要空间载体,其空间分布格局一直是国内外关注的热点问题,但对其中长时间尺度的空间演化过程研究相对较少,而后者是理解中国经济空间演化的重要基础。运用最邻近指数、核密度指数和地理探测器等方法,总结了中国国家级开发区空间演化的过程及其驱动力因子。研究的主要结论是：各类国家级开发区的时空演化经历了三个阶段,即起步试点阶段、稳步推进阶段和快速推广阶段;政策上实现了从试点探索到面上推广;空间上呈现出从东部沿海向沿江、沿边以及内陆不断拓展,从东部向中西部推进,从省会城市向地级市递进的特征;开发区的时空演化格局是距离、城市等级、经济实力、开放程度等因素综合作用的结果,其中城市等级、开放程度和经济发展水平是核心影响因子,距离和经济密度是次级影响因子;不同类型的开发区核心驱动因子既存在共同性,同时因为定位、功能不同也具有差异性。

Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of national development zones of China based on geodetectors

Various types of national development zones have acted as test fields of China's reform and opening-up and an important carrier of rapid economic development over the past 40 years. The spatial distribution of national development zones has always been a hot topic in domestic and international academic communities. Spatial evolution is an important basis for understanding the spatial evolution of Chinese economy, but little attention was paid to it before. Using nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density estimation and geodetector methods, this article summarized the spatial evolution process and driving factors of national development zones. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. The spatio-temporal evolution of national development zones has gone through three stages: pilot phase, steady phase and accelerated phase. Policies and governance have been promoted from pilot areas to the rest of the country. In terms of spatial distribution, the evolution process is from the east coast to the river, border, then inland, from Eastern China to the central and western regions, and from provincial capitals to prefecture-level cities. The evolution is the result of the interaction of factors such as distance, city level, economic development level and openness. Among them, city level, openness and economic development level are the core driving factors, while distance and economic density are the secondary driving factors. Different types of national development zones have generalities and differences due to their function and orientation.