红色旅游资源地游客国家认同的影响因素与多元路径研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

红色旅游资源及其开发具有个体和群体意义,是国家认同实现的重要途径。采用多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,以游客国家认同为结果变量,构建社会记忆（人物记忆、环境记忆、时间记忆、空间记忆）、景区形象（吸引物形象、设施环境形象、文创宣传形象）、旅游体验、感知价值为前因变量,探索影响国家认同的前因条件组合与多元路径。研究结果表明：（1）对于单项因素来说,虽然人物记忆的一致性相对较高,但所有单因素都无法构成国家认同的充要条件。（2）9个变量共产生512种条件组合,满足条件的路径组合共11条,总体覆盖率为0.8916,构成了空间环境模式、形象价值模式、历史体验模式和时间综合模式四大类路径模式。（3）人物记忆出现在所有路径组合中,且所有组合同时包含至少一个社会记忆下的其他的二级维度,例如环境、时间或空间记忆。当社会记忆的四个二级维度全部出现时,产生了原始覆盖率最高的路径组合。（4）在原始覆盖率大于20%的6条路径中,都同时包含社会记忆和景区形象中的二级要素;在原始覆盖率小于20%的5条路径中,皆“一定不包含”设施环境形象。本文为红色旅游目的地在新格局下的高质量发展提供了理论参照。

Research on the influencing factors of national identity of red tourism resource destination from the perspective of configuration and multiple paths: Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

The development of red tourism resources has both individual and group significance. It is an important way to realize national identity. This study adopts the method of multi-variable interaction fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, takes the national identity of tourists as the result variable, constructs social memory (character memory, environmental memory, time memory, spatial memory), scenic image (attraction image, facility environment image, cultural and creative publicity image), tourism experience and perceived value as the antecedent variables, and explores the combination of antecedents conditions and multiple paths that affect national identity. The results show that: (1) For single factor, although the consistency of character memory is relatively high, all single factors can not constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions of national identity. (2) There are 512 condition combinations generated by 9 variables; there are 11 path combinations that meet the conditions, with an overall coverage rate of 0.8916; 4 pathways have formed, namely, space environmental model, image value model, history experience model and time synthesis model, which can well explain the combination of influencing factors of national identity in red tourism destination. (3) Character memory appears in all path combinations, and all the combinations contain at least one other secondary dimension of social memory, such as environment, time, or spatial memory. When all the four secondary dimensions of social memory appear, the path with the highest original coverage rate is produced. (4) In the six paths with the original coverage rate of more than 20%, the secondary elements of social memory and the image of scenic spots are included at the same time; in the five paths with the original coverage rate of lower than 20%, the image of facilities and environment is "definitely not included". The research offers reference for the high-quality development of red tourism destinations in the New Era.