国家公园灾害风险管理研究与实践及其对中国的启示

自然保护地是区域灾害风险管理热点地区,国家公园是自然保护地体系的重要组成部分。国家公园管理目标的多样性决定其暴露在多种致灾因子下的承灾体多样性,使其灾害风险管理极具综合性。从国家公园管理职责、管理规划实践与科学研究热点出发,总结国家公园灾害风险管理的总体理念、共性与差异,将其置于社会—生态系统管理框架内,提出对中国国家公园体制试点区灾害风险管理的三个启示：（1）灾害风险管理是实现国家公园多重管理目标的必然需求;（2）灾害风险管理要重视维持国家公园社会—生态系统的理想状态;（3）灾害风险管理需要采用“整体”思想,在“愿景—目标—目的”的“层级式”管理目标下协调各部门,以适应性管理方式开展。

Practice of disaster risk management in global national parks and its enlightenment to China

Protected areas are hot spots for regional disaster risk management while national parks are the important components. Multiple management objectives of national parks determine the diversity of the hazard-bearing bodies that are exposed to a variety of hazards, making the disaster risk management of national parks very comprehensive. From the perspectives of management responsibilities, management planning practice and research hot topic of national parks, this paper summarized the general idea, common features and differences of disaster risk management in global national parks, and proposed three points of inspiration for China from the perspective of socio-ecological system management. First, disaster risk management is necessary for realizing the multiple management goals of national parks. Second, disaster risk management should aim at maintaining the desired state of the socio-ecological system of national parks. Third, disaster risk management should be carried out in an adaptive and holistic way through coordinating hierarchical management goals in an aspect of "vision-goal-objective" of departments concerned.