河北省大气污染时空变化特征及其影响因素

河北省是中国污染最严重的省份,研究该省大气污染的时空变化与影响因素具有十分重要的意义。利用逐日空气质量指数（AQI）、气象要素观测资料以及社会经济数据,统计分析与空间分析法结合分析了河北省AQI时空变化特征及其与影响因素的定量关系。结果表明：河北省大气污染主要发生在中西部和南部,尤以邯郸、邢台与石家庄等地最为严重,北部地区相对较少。河北省AQI总体呈现逐年减少的趋势,2014—2018年河北省平均AQI线性趋势为-8.845/年,而且与风速、气温、降水、GDP、人口、电力消耗量和第二产业呈现显著负相关关系,而和NO_x与SO₂的排放量呈正相关。气候条件是河北省大气污染的诱导因素,而人为排放是河北省大气重污染的主要因素。随着河北经济的飞速发展,大气污染综合防治经费的投入增加,河北省经济增长与环境污染处于反向阶段,大气污染与经济发展的非线性关系早已过了环境库兹涅兹曲线（EKC）“拐点”。研究结果可为河北省空气污染治理提供理论依据。

Spatio-temporal variation characteristics of air pollution and influencing factors in Hebei province

Hebei is the most polluted province in China. It is significant to study the spatio-temporal variation of air pollution and its influencing factors. Based on the daily air quality index (AQI), meteorological data and socio-economic data, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of air quality index and its relationship with influencing factors in Hebei province were examined by statistical analysis and spatial interpolation. The results show that air pollution mainly occurs in the central and southern parts of the province, especially in Handan, Xingtai and Shijiazhuang, but rarely in the north. The air quality index of the province shows a decreasing trend year by year, with a linear trend of -8.845/year, and it has a good negative correlation with wind speed, temperature, precipitation, gross domestic product (GDP), population, electricity consumption and secondary industry, while it has a positive correlation with sulfur dioxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions. Adverse climatic conditions are the inducement of atmospheric pollution, and high emission intensity is the main cause of heavy atmospheric pollution. With the rapid economic development and the increase of money invested in full control of air pollution in Hebei, its economy and pollution are on the right side of the EKC curve of environmental Kuznets. The relationship between air quality and economic development in Hebei has passed the "inflection point" of the environmental Kuznets curve. These results can provide theoretical basis for air pollution control in this province.