粮食安全视角下的土地资源优化配置及其关键问题

土地资源优化配置是提高土地资源利用效率、缓解土地用途冲突、促进人地和谐发展的重要手段。当前中国土地资源优化配置研究在理论探索与实践应用方面均取得积极进展,但面对土地利用急剧变化、土地管理效率低下及生态系统退化等现实问题,传统的以“数量—空间耦合”为核心的优化配置方式已难以满足当前人类追求美好生活的需求和国土空间可持续发展的目标要求。与此同时,全球粮食安全正面临一系列严峻挑战,土地资源优化配置将直接影响并作用于粮食生产与经济发展之间的冲突协调过程。改革开放以来,南京大学立足和服务于国家战略需求与重点区域发展（长三角及沿海地区）,以保障资源安全与粮食安全目标为导向,围绕土地资源优化配置开展了大量研究和实践,主要集中在耕地利用格局优化、耕地集约利用转型、耕地保护与利用规划、土地利用与城乡规划、国土整治与农用地管理、土地利用制度创新、土地经济政策优化等特色研究领域,充分发挥地理学与管理学交叉学科优势,为国家土地资源优化与可持续利用的学科发展和制度创新做出了积极贡献。综上,通过系统梳理土地资源优化配置相关研究进展,总结归纳中国土地资源配置的关键问题,进一步在回顾南京大学学术贡献的基础上提出粮食安全视角下的中国土地资源优化配置面临的机遇与挑战,试图为可持续土地利用优化提供借鉴和参考。

Optimal allocation of land resources and its key issues from a perspective of food security

The optimal allocation of land resources is an important means to improve land use efficiency, alleviate land use conflicts, and promote harmonious man-land development. Current research on the optimal allocation of land resources in China has made great progress in theoretical exploration and practical applications. However, in the face of rapid land use changes, inefficient land management, and ecosystem degradation, the traditional optimal allocation way based on "quantity-spatial coupling" has been unable to meet the current needs in pursuit of a better life and sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, global food security is facing a series of severe challenges. The optimal allocation of land resources will directly affect and act on the coordination process between food production and economic development conflicts. Since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, to serve the national strategic needs and key areas development (Yangtze River Delta and coastal areas), Nanjing University has carried out much research and practice around land resources optimization, so as to achieve the goal of ensuring resource security and food security. Researchers have focused on farmland pattern optimization, farmland intensification transition, farmland protection and planning, land use and urban-rural planning, land consolidation and agricultural land management, land use system innovation, land economic policy optimization and other characteristic research fields. Research directions take advantages of interdisciplinary deveoplment of geography and management, and have made contributions to disciplinary development and institutional innovations in the optimization and sustainable use of national land resources. In brief, this paper summarizes the key issues on China's land resource allocation by systematically combing the research progress related to the optimization allocation of land resources. Furthermore, on the basis of reviewing the academic contributions of Nanjing University, the opportunities and challenges faced by the optimal allocation of land and resources in China from the perspective of food security are summarized. The research can provide references for sustainable land use optimization.