苏南地区农村宅基地转型研究：基于利用状态的视角

农村宅基地转型是土地利用转型研究的重要内容。目前学界关于宅基地转型的研究主要集中在规模结构等显性形态方面,对隐性转型的研究仍较欠缺。以乡村经济发达的苏南地区为例,通过对正常使用、空置、废弃等不同利用状态宅基地空间分异规律的刻画,探索其功能转型的一般规律,并进一步分析宅基地空置与废弃的影响因素。结果表明：在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,“房子不用来住”的问题在农村地区同样存在,而且在不同代际和空间区位上农村宅基地的利用状态有所差异。具体地,1980年以前的老宅基地从距离城镇较远和较近的“两端”开始,其空废比率向中间地带递减;随着市场化和城镇化水平提升,1980—2000年的中龄宅基地空废比率呈现由近郊向外递减的趋势,城镇化影响下的距离衰减规律明显。近年来,伴随农村宅基地财产/资产属性的逐步显现,农村宅基地的利用状态与空间区位之间的关联关系弱化。2010年以后新宅基地的空置率出现反弹,尤其靠近城镇的农村地区“囤地”现象严重,发端于城镇地区的“地产霸权”正在向乡村地区蔓延。

Transition of rural housing land in Southern Jiangsu,China: Evidences from the utilization status perspective

Rural housing land transition is one of the most important aspects of land use transition, which has attracted interest among a wide variety of researchers as well as the government officials. To date, the majority of literatures in this field focuses mainly on the decline of rural housing land in respect of its share in the growth of total construction land with the development of local economy, while little attention has been paid to the change of its recessive morphology. Taking Southern Jiangsu, one of the most developed regions in China, as an example, this paper demystifies the general trajectory of the functional transformation of rural housing land through the lens of utilization status (i.e., normal, vacant, and abandoned). The results imply primarily that the issue of "housing is not for accommodation", which has been widely witnessed in urban China, has also been detected in rural areas of Southern Jiangsu. And a temporal and spatial heterogeneity of vacant and abandoned rural housing lands has been verified. Specifically, the transition of rural housing lands used before the 1980s tends to be more visible in the "both ends" near and far from the city with a relatively low share of vacant and abandoned lands to the total rural housing land in the central area. Within the double processes of urbanization and industrialization, the pattern of rural housing land transition during the last two decades of the 20th century shifts from the inverted-U trend to an inverted-S one, which is resulted from the distance attenuation of urban effects. With the functional transition of rural housing land from residence to property, the relationship between the utilization status of rural housing land and its location, particularly within the context of rural revitalization, has weakened in recent years. However, the share of vacant housing land has rebounded with a phenomenon of "housing land hoarding" being witnessed in rural areas since 2010, which predicts the sprawl of "real estate hegemony" originating in urban areas to rural areas.