市县“双评价”中优势农业空间划定研究：理论、方法和案例

我国城镇化迅速蚕食宝贵的耕地资源和乡村聚落,保护基本农田、保护乡村、保护农业空间的需求迫在眉睫。新一轮市县国土空间规划“双评价”中,针对“农业空间”只重视基本农田和粮食生产的不足,旨在构建“优势农业空间”划定的理论框架和技术方法,为保护农林牧副渔大农业空间、全农业领域生产者和特色、重点农村地区奠定基础。（1）在生态保护极重要区以外,开展全域、全要素的种植业、畜牧业、渔业生产适宜性评价,识别农业生产适宜区和不适宜区;（2）基于高产稳产、规模经营和集中连片三原则,进一步细化评价重要经济作物适宜区、地域特色农产品适宜区等;（3）在此基础上,结合特色村落、重大农业基础设施要素识别优势农业空间。该技术框架在沈阳和温州市县“双评价”中取得了科学实用的评价成果,为我国正在展开的国土空间规划提供了科学支撑。

The superior agricultural space demarcation based on the evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity and territorial spatial development suitability at municipality and county levels: Theories,methods and study of two cases

China's urbanization has started to rapidly encroach on the most valuable arable land resources and rural settlements, and it has therefore become extremely urgent to protect basic farmland, rural areas and agricultural space. However, for a brand-new round of territorial spatial planning at city and county level, with "the evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity and territorial spatial development suitability" which plays a fundamental role in spatial planning, emphasis is only placed on basic farmland and food production in agricultural areas. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to optimize the theoretical and technical scheme of evaluation of "superior agricultural space", in order to serve as a foundation for protecting agricultural space, all agricultural producers and large rural areas. The technical methods employed in this paper are as follows. (1) A total-region and total-factor evaluation of suitability for farming, animal husbandry and fishery production is conducted outside the area of vital importance for ecological protection and the area of the ecological red line, dividing the space into "suitable regions for agricultural production" and "unsuitable regions for agricultural production". (2) Based on the evaluation principles of high stability, large-scale management and land connectivity, a TOPSIS model is constructed in order to further evaluate and demarcate suitable regions for producing grain and other important agricultural products and for producing special local agricultural products. (3) Based on the aforementioned points, superior agricultural space is identified by a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation procedure, taking characteristic and important rural areas and large agricultural infrastructure into consideration. The two cases in Shenyang and Wenzhou are adopted as examples for the study in order to demonstrate the validity, feasibility and practicability of our method. It is also proven that the evaluation and delineation of the superior agricultural space can assist the development and protection of territorial space at city and county level.