生活空间重构旅游者的乡村游憩影响因素与路径——一个模糊集的定性比较分析

旅游者是乡村旅游发展中的核心要素,但当前研究缺乏从城乡空间转换中的人地关系变迁角度对旅游者进行的思考。以经历城乡生活空间重构的旅游者为研究对象,运用分析多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,探索旅游者乡村游憩影响因素的复杂路径。研究发现:地方情感、怀旧情感、主观规范、知觉行为控制、态度、愿望（欲望）、旅游目的地知名度形成的128种组合中,其中有8个充分性条件构型特定组合路径能够影响乡村旅游者游憩行为;单项中地方情感、怀旧情感、知觉行为控制的一致性相对较高,但都不能构成旅游者乡村游憩影响因素的必要条件;8条旅游者乡村游憩行为影响因素路径条件组合的总体覆盖率约为0.918919,总体一致性约为1,均达到了0.9的阈值标准。其中,地方情感和怀旧情感特性是最关键的影响因素;旅游者具有地方情感、怀旧情感特征时,其他影响因素都可能在“特定情境”下发挥作用。据此提出了生活空间重构旅游者的乡村游憩影响路径模型,揭示了“乡村情感—游憩意向路径”“计划行为—游憩意向路径”“游憩愿望路径”和“情感行为综合路径”四类影响路径的作用机制。旅游从业者可以据此寻找与旅游者游憩最匹配的产品开发解决方案。

Influencing factors and path analysis of rural tourism based on tourists' living space changes: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis

As a national strategy, the policy of rural revitalization is of great significance. Rural tourism is not only one of the important ways to promote rural revitalization but also an effective way to protect and utilize rural resources. To explore the travel influencing factors of rural tourists, this study aims at the core element of rural tourism development. We utilized the questionnaire survey and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate multivariate interactions between variables. The results showed that among the 128 combinations of local emotion, nostalgic emotion, subjective norms, perceptual behavior control, attitudes, desires and destination popularity, 12 had sufficient conditional configurations to influence rural tourists' travel behavior. The consistency of local emotion, nostalgic emotion, attitudes, and desires was relatively high, but it was not a necessary and sufficient condition. The overall coverage of the conditional combination of 12 paths was about 0.9165 and the overall consistency was about 0.918919, both of which met the threshold of 0.9. Tourists were affected by multiple combinations with local emotion and nostalgia as the key factors, which were specific conditions to activate other influencing factors. This paper puts forward the influencing factors and path model of rural tourism based on tourists' living space changes, and reveals the mechanism of four kinds of influence paths: the path of "rural emotion-recreation intention", the path of "planning behavior-recreation intention", the path of "recreation desire-recreation intention" and the emotion-behavior synthesis path. This study also aims at helping the tourism practitioners find the most suitable product development solutions for tourists' recreation.