黄河河流生命需水量浅析

通过对河流健康意义、黄河健康现状的分析,提出了黄河河流生命需水量的概念。在一定的水量和流量范围内,河流自身具有一定的自我调节能力和抵御破坏的能力,随着水量(流量)的下降,其抵御破坏的能力也逐渐下降。文章强调“一旦河流水量(流量)低于其生命需水量,河流系统就不能自控而产生恶变或崩溃”,强调“河流抵御洪水能力的极端重要性”和“洪水对恢复河道过流能力的特殊意义”,强调“依靠河流自身的抵抗能力已难以恢复其生命活力,必须借助外力”,强调“人类必须无条件设法满足此水量”。目前,围绕河流生命各方面需水量的确定和维护河流生命的技术措施研究尚处于初级阶段。

Life flow of the Yellow River

All the rivers have anti-disturbing and self-restoring capacities with varying water flows.But if the flow is lower than a limit,the river system would be destroyed and the river's function would be lost.This flow should be called the life flow of the river.Then,how to understand,estimate and assure the life flow are still a very important issue.Due to the inadequate human intervention to the Yellow River water resources and sediments,the problems then caused such as river channel shrinkage,water quality degradation,wetland deterioration,etc,considerably affected the health of the lower Yellow River.This paper indicates that in order to restore the healthy life of the river,water demands for sediment transportation,pollution control and wetlands ecosystem have to be maintained.The paper also addresses that the river's life flow greatly depends on people's expected value and future water condition.To implement and assure the life flow is also an important issue.Therefore,further study should be carried out in the Yellow River in terms of river's life flow,water supply capacity and way of water utilization,because this kind of study is still in the preliminary stage.