基于水资源耦合价值的绿色水价模型及其应用——以下辽河平原为例

为了准确体现水资源价值的差异性、动态性及其整体性，提出基于绿色核算的水资源耦合价值评价指标体系及绿色水价模型。以下辽河平原为例，引入可变模糊综合评价法，结合熵值法和层次分析法对水资源耦合价值进行评价，计算该区水资源天然价值系数、附加价值系数、经济价值系数、社会（公益）价值系数、生态价值系数及环境价值系数，据此得出绿色水价标准：城乡居民生活用水为3.54 元/m³，农村居民生活用水（暂行）为132 元/（a·人），农工商服务业用水为6.14 元/m³，农田灌溉用水（暂行）为0.79 元/m³，行政事业用水为4.72 元/m³，园林绿化用水为7.34 元/m³，特种行业用水为12.33 元/m³。各行政分区水资源耦合价值及各单项价值的评价结果基本符合该区客观实际，绿色水价模型体现了区域水资源禀赋，反映了经济社会发展及生态环境等对水资源的需求。

Model of GreenWater Price Based on Coupling Values of Water Resources and Its Application in Lower Liaohe River Plain

In order to correctly reflect differential, dynamic and integral characteristics of water resource values, the concept of coupling values of water resources was defined based on the green accounting of natural capital, and the index system of comprehensive assessment on coupling values of water resources was firstly established. Then the variable fussy optimization model combined with entropy weight theory and analytic hierarchy process was introduced to calculate the coupling values of water resources. On the basis of the above-mentioned issues, the unified model of green water price in a watershed was presented. This model could realize various unifications on urban area and rural area, agriculture and industry and business and service industry, the same water department in a watershed, macroscopic and microscopic tax fees, value and price of water resources, which would provide a theoretical basis for the unified management of water resources in a watershed for reference. Taking nine prefecture-level cities in lower Liaohe River Plain as the examples, the coupling values of water resources were estimated by using multi-objective optimization and decision-making methods. All coefficients on natural values, additive values, economic values, social (public benefit) values, ecological values and environmental values of regional water resources were calculated using variable fussy optimization model and the results were respectively 0.1591, 0.0458, 0.1500, 0.0677, 0.2196 and 0.3578. The standard water price was determined based on macro tax burden and water resource consumption per unit Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the study area, the macro tax burden was 0.1258, water consumption per 10 thousand yuan GDP was 72.71 m³, and the standard water price was 17.30 yuan per m³. Furthermore, the unified standards of green water price in the districts of lower Liaohe River Basin were obtained on the basis of the above results. The green water prices were respectively 3.54 yuan per m³ for domestic water of urban-rural residents, 6.14 yuan per m³ for water in agriculture and industry and business and service industry, 4.72 yuan per m³ for administrative water, 7.34 yuan per m³ for landscaping water, 12.33 yuan per m³ for special industry water. Considering these current situations as objective bearing capacity of China's families of rural residents at present, development level of the productive force in agriculture, agricultural non-profit and fundamentality, the water price was temporarily 132 yuan per person annually for domestic water of rural residents, and 0.79 yuan per m³ for farmland irrigation water. The case study showed that this model of green water prices could incarnate the regional water resources endowment and the water resources demand in socio-economic development and ecological environment. Therefore, it would be beneficial to execute green water price policies in promoting the consciousness of economizing water of the units and individuals, enhancing the utilization efficiency of water resources, advancing harmonious development of water resources and economy, society, ecology and environment.