黄河源区草场近地面能量收支研究

基于玛多县环境梯度监测系统2009 年11 月至2010 年10 月观测数据，利用组合法计算黄河源区近地面的感热通量和潜热通量，进而分析近地面能量收支状况。结果表明：黄河源区年总辐射能量较高，达6.73×10⁹ J/m²，受积雪影响，反射率可超过0.5；在寒冷季节地面吸收的60%以上短波能量以辐射形式传给大气，而夏季则不到50%；地面全年吸收能量的80.5%以潜热形式支出，向地下深层传递的能量较少，仅占1.9%；不同月份的地表能量收支项差异较大，特别是寒冷季节。

Energy Budget in the Surface Layer over Pasture in the Source Regions of the Yellow River

Based on the data observed by environmental gradient monitoring system from November 2009 to October 2010 at Maduo, using the synthetic method the sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes were calculated, then the energy budget of surface layer in the source regions of the Yellow River was analyzed. The results indicated that the annual total radiation was 6.73×10⁹ J/m², being more than 5.50×10⁸ J/m² between March and September. The annual surface reflectance was 1.77×10⁹ J/m², being more than 2.00×10⁸ J/m² in November and December due to impact of the snow. More than 60% of the surface absorbed shortwave energy transmitted to atmosphere by radiation in cold season, but it's less than 50% in summer; the annual net radiation was 2.09×10⁹ J/m², but it was negative in December. The surface spent 80.5% energy which became latent heat annually, and only 1.9% transferred to deep soil. The latent heat consumed energy every month, and sensible heat consumed energy except October. Surface absorbed energy from deep soil between October and February, and consumed energy between March and September. The budget of the surface layer had some differences in different months, especially in cold season.