东海区银鲳资源合理利用的研究

利用2001—2010 年东海区渔业资源监测调查所测定的银鲳生物学资料，运用FISAT软件估算了相关的生态学参数，同时对其Von Bertalanffy 生长方程进行了拟合，并讨论了拐点年龄和临界年龄等渔业生物学特征，提出了建议开捕叉长。结果表明，目前东海银鲳平均叉长144.14 mm，优势叉长组110~170 mm，占72.83%；叉长-体重的年关系式为W=0.963×10^-5L^3.207。利用ELEFAN技术估算的东海银鲳Von Bertalanffy 生长方程的生长参数L_∞、K、t₀分别为267.75mm、0.46、-0.32 龄，拐点年龄和临界年龄分别为2.21 龄和2.46 龄。从20 世纪80 年代至今，东海银鲳的渐进叉长由360 mm逐渐减小为267.75 mm，而生长参数K则由0.205 增加到0.46，体重拐点年龄由4.1 龄减小到2.21 龄。上述结果说明目前东海银鲳极限叉长减小、生长速度加快、群体小型化、低龄化严重。当前东海银鲳的总死亡系数Z、自然死亡系数M、捕捞死亡系数F分别为1.96、0.57、1.39，开发率E为0.71，与1997—2000 年相比均呈明显增加趋势。高强度捕捞是引起银鲳总死亡率和开发率上升的主要原因。为了保护银鲳资源，并从充分利用鱼类生长潜能出发，综合考虑初次性成熟年龄、拐点年龄、临界年龄和渔业生产现状，经计算后得出当前的开捕叉长为164 mm。

Study on the Rational Utilization of Pampus argenteus Resources in the East China Sea Region

Based on the fishery resources monitoring data collected in the East China Sea Region from 2001 to 2010, the present study analyzed the ecological parameters of Pampus argenteus using FISAT software and simulated the Von Bertalanffy growth equation, meanwhile, the inflection point age and the critical age have been discussed, finally, we put forward first capture fork length. The results indicate that the average fork length is 144.14 mm, with the group of dominant 110-170 mm, accounting for 72.83%. The relationship between fork length and body weight was expressed as: W=0.963×10^-5L^3.207. The growth parameters of Von Bertalanffy equation estimated by ELEFAN were L_∞ =267.75 mm, K=0.46, t₀=-0.32 a, respectively, and inflection point age and the critical age were 2.21 and 2.46 years respectively. Compared with the data obtained from Pampus argenteus in the East China Sea, value of L∞ has declined from 360 mm to the current 267.75 mm, inflection point age from 4.1 to 2.21, while growth coefficient K is increased from 0.205 to 0.46 since the 1980s, all these shows that the fish stock has been in serious status characterized with limit length reduction, growth speeding up, miniaturization and lower age. The current total death coefficient (Z), natural death coefficient (M) and fishing death coefficient (F) were 1.96, 0.57 and 1.39, the exploitation rate (E) was 0.71. Compared with the conditions of the years 1997-2000, all death coefficient showed a trend of increase significantly. High strength fishing was the main reason for the rise of total mortality rate and exploitation rate. In order to protect Pampus argenteus resources and make full use of fish growth potential, considered first sexual maturity and inflection point and critical age and fishery production status, the first capture fork length should be 164 mm now.