“耕地总量动态平衡”政策驱动下中国的耕地变化及其生态环境效应

土地政策是影响土地利用及生态环境变化的一个重要的驱动因素。论文分析了“耕地总量动态平衡”政策对中国的耕地变化及其生态环境效应的影响,结果表明,“耕地总量动态平衡”政策对中国耕地的数量变化产生了积极作用,主要表现为:非农建设占用耕地的势头总体上得到遏制,全国及各省(市、区)基本实现耕地占补平衡,促进了农地整理工作的开展。但是,该政策对中国耕地的质量变化的影响却相反,在全国实现耕地占补平衡的情况下,耕地的总体生产能力呈下降趋势,同时,对生态环境产生了一定的负面效应。在此基础上,论文提出了重新审视“耕地总量动态平衡”政策的可行性,以“保护和提高耕地综合生产能力”替代“耕地总量动态平衡”以及根据土地资源区域差异采取不同的具体措施等对该政策加以调整的思路。

The Change of Cultivated Land and Ecological Environment Effects Driven by the Policy of Dynamic Equilibrium of the Total Cultivated Land

Land policy is one of the most important driving factors affecting the use of land and the change of ecological environment.This paper analyzes the effects of the policy of dynamic equilibrium of the total cultivated land on the change of cultivated land and ecological environment effects in China.Firstly,the impacts of the policy on the quantity change of cultivated land are analyzed from occupying and supplementing cultivated land.Then,the impact of the policy on the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land is quantitatively analyzed by using index of cultivated land productivity.Finally,the effects of the policy on ecological environment are analyzed.The result indicates that this policy has an active effect on the change of cultivated land,presenting mainly in the following aspects:The tendency that non-agricultural constructions are taking too much cultivated land has been totally limited,the whole country and various provinces (municipalities,autonomous regions)have realized the equilibrium of occupying and supplementing cultivated land,and the farmland consolidation has been promoted.However,this policy has an opposite effect on the change of the quality of cultivated land.While the whole country has carried out the equilibrium of occupying and supplementing cultivated land,the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land was declining.At the same time,it has also negatively affected the ecological environment.On this basis,this paper advances some propositions of adjusting the policy,such as restudying the feasibility and necessity of the policy of dynamic equilibrium of the total cultivated land,replacing this policy with protecting and improving the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land,and adopting diverse specific measures according to the regional difference of land resources.