流域生态补偿标准的确定——以渭干河流域为例

生态补偿标准的确定是流域生态补偿机制构建的关键问题之一。文章构建了流域生态补偿标准的测算内容与流程,并以渭干河流域为例,计算了流域上下游生态损益、 居民支付意愿和综合成本,分别作为补偿的最高、 最低和参考标准。结果表明:2007年上游应获得的最高补偿标准为24.83×10⁸元,最低标准为2 443.46×10⁴元,参考标准为6.7×10⁸元。下游各县作为受益者,应支付的补偿额为:库车为818.51×10⁴~28 096.3×10⁴元,补偿参考标准19 927.61×10⁴元;沙雅466.7×10⁴~64 179.1×10⁴元,补偿参考标准17 204.17×10⁴元;新和341.17×10⁴~155 988.7×10⁴元,补偿参考标准为29 998.71×10⁴元。不同补偿标准对流域农牧民福祉产生较大影响,按照参考标准的8.67%进行补偿,就可使上游居民尤其是水源涵养区的农牧民收入水平可有较大程度的提高,达到流域的平均收入水平。在讨论部分对流域生态补偿标准测算中面临的难题进行了分析。

Standards of Payments for Ecosystem Services in Watershed: TakingWeigan River Basin as an Example

Standard of payments for ecosystem services (PES) is one of the key issues to establish PES mechanism in watershed. The paper established research framework and calculation process of PES standard. Taking Weigan River Basin as a study area, by calculating ecological profit and loss, opportunity cost and willingness to pay, the maximum standard, minimum standard and reference standard of PES can be attained, which are 24.83?10⁸ yuan, 0.24?10⁸ yuan and 6.7?10⁸ yuan. Based on the quality and quantity standards of water, cost-sharing model is built to compute the shares that counties of the lower reaches have to undertake. The results indicate that Kuche County has to pay 1.99?10⁸ yuan, Shaya County 1.72?10⁸ yuan, and Xinhe County 3.0?10⁸ yuan. Standards of PES significantly affect welfares of farmers and herdsmen in watershed. The income of farmers and herdsmen in water conservation area will reach average level of basin, if they are compensated by 8.67% of reference standard of PES. In discussion, difficulties are analyzed during the calculation of PES standard in watershed.