中国自然资源研究的发展历程及展望

自20世纪50年代以来,在以服务国家战略需求为导向的大规模、长时期、持续的自然资源综合考察活动推动下,中国自然资源研究形成了跨部门、跨学科、跨地区的综合集成的发展特色,并且在“任务带学科”的发展过程中也逐步创建了较为系统的资源科学理论基础和实证方法论体系。面对自然资源部成立以来国家对自然资源综合管理体制深化改革的重大需求,推动建立并完善独立的资源科学学科体系,已成为当前我国自然资源研究领域的重要任务。本文系统梳理了20世纪50年代至21世纪初中国自然资源综合考察和研究的发展过程,着重论述了不同时期的重点发展方向及特点,完成了对不同时期历史机遇的总结与展望。可以发现：中国自然资源研究已经形成了国家需求导向并引领学科建设的发展趋势,未来应继续坚持以多学科整合为特色的综合研究范式,开拓中国特色的资源科学系统研究新视角;加快形成完整的学科体系,完善资源科学人才培养体系;加强资源科学的学科史研究,厘定资源科学与地理学、地质学、生态学、环境科学等相关学科的相互关系,积极引入大数据理论框架及技术优势,创新“自然资源大数据”或“资源利用大数据”等相关理论及技术,建立自然资源开发利用过程动态评价方法,为生态文明建设和可持续发展战略提供自然资源本底及其与生态环境综合影响评价方面的决策支持,探索解析自然资源利用过程中自然规律和社会经济规律以及两者之间的系统关联机制。

The development history and prospect of natural resources research in China

Since the 1950s, driven by large-scale, long-term and continuous comprehensive investigations of natural resources oriented to serve national strategic needs, China's natural resources research has formed a comprehensive and integrated development characteristics, and the development process of "task with discipline" has also gradually created a more systematic resources science theoretical basis and empirical methodology system. Faced with the country's major demand for deepening the reform of the comprehensive management system of natural resources since the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources, promoting the establishment and improvement of an independent resources science discipline system has become an important task in the field of natural resources research in China. This article systematically sorts out the development process of comprehensive investigation and research on China's natural resources from the 1950s to the early 2000s, focusing on the key development directions and characteristics of different periods. Combining the summary and prospects of historical opportunities in different periods, we believe that China's natural resources research has formed a national demand-oriented and leading discipline development trend. In the future, we should continue to adhere to the comprehensive research paradigm featured by multi-disciplinary integration; open up new perspectives on resources science system research with Chinese characteristics; accelerate the formation of a complete discipline system; improve the talent training system of resources science; strengthen the study of the discipline history of resources science; determine the relationship between resources science and geography, geology, ecology, environmental science and other related disciplines; actively introduce the big data theoretical framework and technical advantages to innovate "Natural Resources Big Data" or "Resource Utilization Big Data" and other related theories and technologies and to establish a dynamic evaluation method for the process of natural resources development and utilization; provide the background of natural resources and its comprehensive impact assessment with the ecology and environment for ecological civilization construction and sustainable development strategies support for decision-making; explore and analyze natural laws, socio-economic laws and the systematic association between the two in the process of natural resources utilization.