云南喀斯特山区国土空间优化分区与管控

国土空间的协调发展是区域可持续发展的前提,如何优化国土空间结构并构建合理的管控模式成为亟需解决的重要问题之一。以云南喀斯特典型山区文山市为例,探讨基于“双评价”的国土空间优化方法及冲突区的修正规则,对喀斯特山区国土空间进行优化分区,并提出国土空间分区及石漠化分区的管控模式。研究发现：（1）云南喀斯特山区国土空间优化后可划分为城镇开发边界区、城镇预留区、永久基本农田区、一般农业区、生态保护红线区和一般生态区六种类型,其中,生态保护红线区面积最大,城镇开发边界区面积最小;（2）城镇开发边界区和城镇预留区主要分布于东部和东南部,永久基本农田区和一般农业区主要分布于北部和南部,一般生态区主要分布于西北部和西南部,生态保护红线区主要分布于西部、南部、东部和东北部,其中东部和东北部主要为石漠化区;（3）从各国土空间类型的发展潜力和趋势对国土空间分区提出了管控措施和模式;从轻度石漠化区、中度石漠化区以及重度石漠化区角度对城镇、农业和生态三类空间,提出了石漠化区开发和保护的路径和方法。研究结果可为云南喀斯特山区国土空间的合理发展和石漠化的治理提供决策支持,研究方法和思路为国土空间优化和管控提供参考。

Optimal partitions and control of territorial space in karst mountainous areas of Yunnan province

The coordinated development of territorial space is the premise of regional sustainable development. How to optimize the territorial space structure and build a reasonable control model has become one of the important issues that need to be urgently solved. This study took Wenshan city in Yunnan province, a typical karst mountainous area, as an example. It explored the optimization method of territorial space based on the "dual evaluations" and the amendment rules of conflict areas to optimize the territorial space partitions and propose control models for territorial space partitions and rocky desertification partitions. The results showed that: (1) The territorial space of karst mountainous areas in Yunnan province could be divided into 6 types, namely, urban development boundary area, urban reserved area, permanent basic farmland area, general agricultural area, ecological protection red line area, and general ecological area. Among them, the ecological protection red line area had the largest area, while the urban development boundary area had the smallest area. (2) The urban development boundary area and the urban reserved area were mainly distributed in the east and southeast; the permanent basic farmland area and the general agricultural area were mainly distributed in the north and south; the general ecological area was in the northwest and southwest; and the ecological protection red line area was in the west, south, east, and northeast, and the east and northeast parts of the study area were mainly rocky desertification areas. (3) According to the development potential and trend of each territorial space type, the control measures and models for territorial space partitions were proposed. For the areas of mild, moderate and severe rocky desertification, the paths and methods of development and protection in rocky desertification partitions were proposed for urban space, agricultural space, and ecological space. The results of this research can provide decision support for the reasonable development of territorial space and the control of rocky desertification in karst areas, and the methods and ideas of this research can provide references for territorial spatial optimization and control.