旅游发展背景下乡村适应性演化理论框架与实证

乡村转型及适应演化路径是乡村可持续发展领域重要研究内容,对实施乡村振兴战略及其多元目标的实现具有重要理论和现实意义。通过国家制度（战略）变迁关键时间节点,梳理典型案例乡村发展阶段,明确案例乡村转型适应的体制演化特征。在乡村适应性演化理论分析框架构建基础上,以体制转换明显的乡村为实证案例,结合农户调查与深度访谈数据,评估乡村适应演化下系统适应能力（结果）及农户生计响应效果,并基于归纳法和灰色关联分析,揭示乡村体制转换与微观农户生计关联的适应演化路径及机制。研究结果表明:（1）传统农业体制乡村向旅游体制转换后出现乡村经济发展和环境破坏、社会矛盾风险并存局面,农户生计适应选择对乡村转型响应呈现多样化。（2）不同适应路径农户生计恢复力存在显著差异,升级型、扩张型生计恢复力相对较高,维持型和更替型较低。（3）乡村体制转换（R₁到R_n）与农户生计适应（P₁到P₅）呈现协同且分化的演化路径,基础设施、政策扶持以及生态环境因子是乡村转型与农户生计关联适应演化的关键影响变量。

The theoretical framework and demonstration of rural adaptive evolution in the context of tourism development

Rural transformation and adaptive evolution path are important research contents in the field of rural sustainable development, which have an important theoretical and practical significance for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the realization of its multiple goals. Through the key time point of national institutional (strategic) changes, this research combed the development stages of typical rural cases in China, and clarified the regime evolution characteristics of rural transformation and adaptation in the case. On the basis of constructing a theoretical analysis framework for rural adaptive evolution, it took the village with obvious regime evolution as an empirical case, combined questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, and evaluated the system adaptive capacity (results) and effects of rural farmers' livelihood response under rural adaptive evolution. This study revealed the adaptive evolution path and mechanism of the correlation between rural regime shifts and micro farmers' livelihoods based on induction and grey correlation analysis. The results were shown as follows. (1) After the transition from the traditional agricultural regime to the rural tourism regime, the coexistence of rural economic development, environmental damage, and social contradiction risks emerged. The response of rural farmers' livelihood adaptation choices to rural transformation was diversified. (2) There were significant differences in the resilience of farmers' livelihood in different adaptation paths. The livelihoods' resilience of the type of upgrade and expansion was relatively high, while that of the type of maintenance and replacement were relatively low. (3) Rural regime shifts (R₁ to R_n) and farmer's livelihood adaptation (P₁ to P₅) presented an evolutionary path of coordination and differentiation. Factors like infrastructure, policy support, and ecological environment were the key influencing variables of adaptive evolution of the relationship between rural transformation and farmers' livelihood.