河北坝上与坝下不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征及其影响因素

为查明河北省坝上与坝下不同土地利用类型土壤入渗能力,选择张北县（坝上风蚀区）和阳原县（坝下水蚀区）作为典型研究区,采用微型圆盘入渗仪测量土壤入渗特性,并分析其主要影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）阳原县不同土地利用类型土壤渗透性能表现为：高盖度草地>低盖度草地>耕地>林地,张北县表现为：草地>耕地>灌木林地>防护林地;（2）不同入渗模型拟合度之间存在显著差异,其中Philip模型拟合效果最佳;（3）土壤初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、稳定入渗时间与容重呈极显著负相关关系,而与总孔隙度均呈极显著正相关关系。结果表明,该区草地土壤入渗能力最强,后期开展生态工程建设时应更加重视草地涵养水源的作用。

Soil infiltration under different patterns of land use and its influencing factor in the Bashang and Baxia regions of Hebei province

To investigate the infiltration capacity under different land use types in typical Bashang region (wind erosion area) and Baxia region (water erosion area) in Zhangjiakou city, Hebei province of China, a Mini Disk Infiltrometer was used to measure soil infiltration capacity of different typical and representative land use types (i.e., cultivated land, forest land and grassland) in Yangyuan and Zhangbei counties. Meanwhile, the influencing factors of soil infiltration capacity were analyzed. Different soil infiltration capacities were found among different land use types. In Yangyuan county, the soil infiltration capacity of the high coverage grassland was the highest among different land use types, and the soil infiltration capacity of the low coverage grassland was higher than that of the cultivated land and forest land. Meanwhile, the soil infiltration capacity of forest land was the lowest among different land use types in Yangyuan county. In Zhangbei county, the soil infiltration capacity of the grassland was the highest among different land use types, and the soil infiltration capacity of the cultivated land was higher than that of the shrub land and shelterbelt land. Meanwhile, the soil infiltration capacity of shelterbelt land was the lowest among different land use types in Zhangbei county. A significant difference in fitting degree could be found among infiltration models. Philip model had the best fitting degree. This result indicated that Philip model should be applied to simulate soil infiltration process of Zhangjiakou city. A significantly negative correlation could be found between bulk density and soil initial infiltration rate, as well as stable infiltration rate and stable infiltration time, while a significantly positive correlation could be found between the total porosity and soil initial infiltration rate, as well as the stable infiltration rate and the stable infiltration time. The results indicated that the grassland had the highest soil infiltration capacity among different land use types and more attention should be paid to the role of grassland in the ecological engineering project so as to enhance the ability of soil water conservation in this region in the future.