大都市郊野乡村多功能评价及其空间布局——以上海89个郊野镇为例

客观评价大都市郊野乡村多功能及空间布局特征,是分类制订精细化乡村振兴策略的关键之一。通过构建大都市郊野乡村“生态环境—休闲文化—农业生产—经济发展—生活保障”多功能评价方法,使用多源空间数据、统计数据及调查数据,评价上海郊野89个镇的多功能值,提出镇域多功能发展类型及空间布局特征。结果表明：（1）上海市89个镇多功能发展存在显著差异。各项功能按照均值排序为生态环境（0.7674）>经济发展（0.6054）>农业生产（0.5882）>生活保障（0.5238）>休闲文化（0.2525）;（2）生态环境高值区域主要分布在崇明岛、青浦西部和奉贤南部,农业生产高值区主要位于浦东南部、奉贤及金山、崇明南部和青浦,经济发展高值区主要位于中心城周边和新城周边区域的28个镇,生活保障低值区主要位于紧邻中心城与最偏远区域两类共29个镇,休闲文化高值区主要位于与中心城距离最偏远的松江、青浦、金山;（3）郊野镇多功能发展可划分为高均衡型、低均衡型和非均衡—混合发展型、非均衡—传统维持型和非均衡—城市化型共五种模式,仅浦江镇等10个镇为多功能高均衡发展模式,占11.24%。论文建立的评价方法及研究结论可为探索精细化都市郊野乡村振兴政策提供理论依据。

Multi-functional evaluation of metropolitan suburbs and its spatial difference: A case study of 89 towns in Shanghai

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization as well as enhancement of geographic differentiation and diversity of man-earth areal system, functions and regional development orientations in metropolitan suburbs have shown an increasingly strong trend towards diversification. It is one of the keys to draw up the Rural Revitalization policy objectively to evaluate the multi-functional system and then sum up pattern of metropolitan suburbs. The multi-functional evaluation method of metropolitan suburbs was constructed. The multi-source spatial data, statistical data and survey data were used to evaluate the multi-functional values of the 89 towns in Shanghai. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the development of multifunction among 89 towns in Shanghai. The order of mean values is listed as ecological environment function (0.7674) > economic development function (0.6054) > agricultural production function (0.5882) > life guarantee function (0.5238) > leisure culture function (0.2525). (2) The high value areas of the ecological environment were mainly distributed in Chongming Island, Western Qingpu and Southern Fengxian. The high value areas of agricultural production were mainly located in Southern Pudong, Fengxian, Jinshan, Southern Chongming and Qingpu. The high value areas of economic development was mainly located in the vicinity of central city. The low value areas of life security were mainly located in the towns close to the central city and the most remote towns. The high value area of leisure culture was mainly located in Songjiang, Qingpu and Jinshan, which are the most remote from the central city. (3) A total of 89 towns could be divided into 4 types: balanced, mixed, compound and dominant. Among the 8 subdivision patterns, only 10 towns like Pujiang town were multi-functional and presented a highly balanced development pattern, accounting for 11.24%. Thus, the final but main part of this paper envisions the innovative policies and practices in metropolitan suburbs including the diversified rural renewal, homestead regulation, and low efficiency industrial land reduction.