区域土地利用变化对生态环境影响定量评估——以铜川市城郊区为例

区域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响,是地理学全球变化研究的重要内容,而生态服务价值则是目前生态学、生态经济学研究的热点问题。研究利用研究区地形、土壤、植被数据和近10年来每年的气候、土地利用数据,运用生态服务价值测算模型,计算了1994~2003年铜川市城郊区历年的生态服务价值,并模拟了无土地利用变化情景下的生态服务价值,提出了土地利用变化环境效应指数,并尝试性地运用该指数定量评价了城郊区土地利用变化对生态环境的影响。结果表明:①由于气候变化、人类活动尤其是土地利用变化等原因的影响,城郊区生态服务价值年际间变化很大,1994~2003年期间,在不考虑水域生态服务功能情况下（基于水域面积年际变化极小考虑）,城郊区生态服务价值在4.77×108~1.56×10⁹元间波动;②模拟了无土地利用变化情景下的生态服务价值,结果表明每年基于无土地利用变化情景下的生态服务价值明显低于基于土地利用变化情景下的生态服务价值;③运用土地利用变化环境效应指数计算模型计算了土地利用变化环境效应指数,结果表明都大于1,从1994年到2003年期间,土地利用变化环境效应指数除个别年份略有波动外,整体呈增加趋势,反映了土地利用变化对城郊区生态环境的影响是积极的。

Quantitative Assessment of the Effect on the Eco-environment from LUCC in a Region Scale——A Case in the City Proper and the Suburbs of Tongchuan

The effect on the eco-environment from LUCC in a region scale is a very important content of the research in the global change.Ecological service value is a hotspot problem of Ecology and Ecological Economy at present.This research tries to combine these two things together to assess the effect on the eco-environment from LUCC in the city proper and the suburbs of Tongchuan by using the ecological service value with the data of terrain,soil,vegetation,climate,land use,etc.The authors calculated the ecological service value over the years from 1994 to 2003 in the research area and simulated the ecological service value by assuming the scene without land use change using the model of calculating the ecological service with data of the soil,vegetation,terrain,land use,climate,etc.Based on the results of the calculation,the authors tentatively put forward the concept of Ieoefluc,index of the effect on the environment from the land use change,and assessed the effect on the eco-environment from LUCC quantitatively using the index.The calculating results are as follows.Firstly the ecological service value varied between 477,000,000 and 1,560,000,000 yuan from 1994 to 2003 for the climate change,human action especially LUCC.Then we didn't take LUCC into account,the simulated value was figured out and it was less than the value we calculated considering LUCC.Finally the index of the effect on the environment from the land use change was calculated with the ecological service value under the condition with and without land use change.We can find that all the indexes are greater than one and increase generally in fluctuations.All of these indicated that LUCC in the study area during this period of time was beneficial to the development of the eco-environment.